Impacts of Sea Surface Temperature on Climate Quiz

Impacts of SST on Climate

Overview of SST and its role in climate

Sea Surface Temperature (SST) plays a significant role in the Earth's climate system. SST is the temperature of the Earth's surface measured over open water bodies, primarily oceans. It is a critical factor in determining global climate patterns and has a direct impact on regional climate, weather, and oceanic processes.

Impacts of SST on climate

Global temperature trends

Improved SST datasets and infilling of surface temperature in locations with missing records have led to an upward revision in observed global temperature trends. These trends, which are consistent with both the CMIP5 and CMIP6 multi-model ensemble of trends, are mainly driven by the warming of the ocean.

Pacific Decadal Variability (PDV)

PDV is a leading mode of variability associated with unforced fluctuations in the Earth's climate system. It has a significant impact on global climate patterns, particularly on the Pacific Ocean and its surrounding regions. The transition of PDV from positive (El Niño-like) to negative (La Niña-like) phases during the slow warming period has been observed in historical simulations and model ensemble members.

Regional climate patterns

SST anomalies in the tropical east Pacific Ocean have a strong influence on precipitation patterns over South America during El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) periods. In the Mediterranean region, SST trends, along with changes in ocean chlorophyll-a concentrations, can be used to predict the evolution of surface chlorophyll-a in coastal regions. Additionally, SST impacts the mixed layer depth (MLD), which can affect nutrient supply to the euphotic layer and lead to changes in primary production.

Conclusion

SST is a critical factor in shaping global and regional climate patterns. Its impacts on climate are far-reaching, affecting temperature trends, regional climate patterns, and oceanic processes. As the Earth's climate continues to change, understanding the role of SST in these changes will be crucial for predicting future climate scenarios and developing effective adaptation strategies.