Impacts of Colonization in Canada (Social 30)
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Questions and Answers

What time do the boys start working on the farm?

  • One
  • Twelve
  • Six (correct)
  • Nine
  • What activity do children engage in after dinner?

  • Reading Scriptures (correct)
  • Watching movies
  • Manual employment
  • Studying
  • Which of the following accurately describes the education schedule for children?

  • Children study in the morning and evening only.
  • Boys receive education for a total of eight hours a day. (correct)
  • Boys and girls attend different educational activities at the same time.
  • Children study continuously without breaks.
  • What type of manual labor do children participate in after their schooling?

    <p>Farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the stated aim of the residential schools?

    <p>To assimilate indigenous children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do children begin engaging in the educational programs?

    <p>Six</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity do girls participate in during evening hours in the winter?

    <p>Needlework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the children do before going to bed?

    <p>Pray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary intention behind the Sixties Scoop child welfare policies?

    <p>To promote cultural assimilation of Indigenous children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the child welfare population in Canada did Indigenous youth represent during the Sixties Scoop?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to the death of Anthony 'Dudley' George?

    <p>A police confrontation during the Ipperwash Crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did the Canadian government officially return Stoney Point to Indigenous protestors?

    <p>2015</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary cause of conflict during the Oka Crisis?

    <p>The development of a golf course on sacred land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a significant outcome of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples created in 1996?

    <p>A governmental acknowledgment of unresolved land claims</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the reported effects of the Sixties Scoop on Indigenous communities?

    <p>Increased suicide rates, violence, and substance abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Ipperwash Crisis, what was the Canadian government’s initial claim concerning Stoney Point?

    <p>It would be temporarily used as a military camp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main focuses of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (R.C.A.P)?

    <p>Indigenous self-governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category was NOT included in the inquiries made by the R.C.A.P?

    <p>Education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant financial increase did the R.C.A.P recommend for Indigenous communities?

    <p>$2 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the goals of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)?

    <p>Acknowledge the effects of the Indian Residential School system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a task assigned to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission?

    <p>Support Indigenous self-governance initiatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the overarching goal of R.C.A.P concerning Indigenous and settler relations?

    <p>To establish fair and lasting terms of coexistence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the consequences identified in the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's report regarding the IRS system?

    <p>Systemic harms and intergenerational consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'self-determination' in the context of Indigenous rights refers to what?

    <p>The right of Indigenous people to govern themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the impacts of the Indian Act on Indigenous governance?

    <p>It established a system of elected band leaders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ceremony was banned under the Indian Act in 1884?

    <p>Potlatch Ceremony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the residential schools established in Canada?

    <p>To integrate Indigenous children into mainstream society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How were Indigenous peoples affected by the legal definitions in the Indian Act?

    <p>Enfranchisement eliminated status and access to benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the Indian Act demonstrated paternalism?

    <p>The Canadian government taking legal control of Indigenous resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the outcomes of the assimilation policies in Canada?

    <p>Isolation of Indigenous children from their communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the curriculum in residential schools?

    <p>Structured learning with a focus on language and religion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the consequences of banning traditional ceremonies under the Indian Act?

    <p>Suppression of cultural practices and spiritual beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Impacts of Colonization in Canada (Social 30)

    • The Indian Act (1876) gave the Canadian government responsibility over Indigenous peoples and their land, a form of paternalism.
    • It introduced Indian Agents to enforce government will and gave the Canadian government legal control of Indigenous resources.
    • Indigenous bands were allotted very little power.
    • The Canadian government legally dictated social institutions like status, assembly, marriage, and education for Indigenous peoples.

    Changes Under the Indian Act

    • Band leaders were elected, replacing hereditary positions.
    • The Potlatch Ceremony was banned in 1884.
    • All traditional ceremonies were banned in 1895.
    • Indigenous people were prohibited from accessing lawyers without government consent for land claim concerns (1927).
    • "Indian Status" was rigidly defined, primarily excluding Métis and Inuit initially and later including those of "full blood" or belonging to a band.
    • Status Indians had access to government programs.
    • Enfranchisement eliminated status.
    • Social institutions, such as marriage, were significantly more restrictive for women.

    The Push for Assimilation

    • Assimilation is a process where individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the dominant culture of a society. This was a goal of the Canadian government toward Indigenous peoples

    Residential Schools

    • Residential schools were aimed at "killing the Indian, and saving the child."
    • They were run cooperatively by the Canadian government and the Catholic Church.
    • Children were separated from their families, communities, and cultural practices.
    • Indigenous languages, clothing, and spiritual practices were banned.
    • Curriculum focused primarily on language, reading, religion, and ethics, with a very tight schedule often focused on practical labor rather than academic concerns.
    • The schools often involved psychological, physical and sexual abuse.
    • Learning about indigenous cultures took a back seat to training students for assimilation into the dominant culture.

    Residential Schools (Specifics)

    • Daily schedules, from 5 AM wake-up calls to evening studies focused on the Bible and practical skills, were rigidly enforced.
    • Students' daily life was highly regimented, including structured learning, labor, recreation, and worship.

    Sixties Scoop

    • A series of child welfare policies from the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s aimed at removing Indigenous children from their homes.
    • Indigenous children were placed in foster homes and residential schools by welfare agencies.
    • In 1977, around 15,500 Indigenous children were under the care of child welfare authorities.
    • Indigenous youth comprised over 20% of the population in welfare care, yet represented less than 5% of the total youth population in Canada.
    • The Sixties Scoop resulted in generational trauma, harming family structures, social values, and economic conditions.
    • High rates of suicide, violence, depression, substance abuse, and alcoholism exist in some Indigenous communities, directly connected to the trauma of this period.

    Ipperwash Crisis

    • The Canadian government claimed Stoney Point, Ontario, as a military camp.
    • They attempted to seize Indigenous lands for military use.
    • Indigenous protestors occupied Stoney Point, demanding recognition of their rights and the return of stolen land.
    • A police officer was killed during these protests.
    • Extensive negotiations followed.
    • The returned land was eventually returned. However, the process took decades of legal battle, and Indigenous families, community and cultural heritage groups were negatively impacted.

    Oka Crisis

    • This crisis involved disputed territory in Kanesatake, Quebec.
    • Indigenous peoples protested the expansion of a golf course on their land
    • Protests escalated, culminating in violence and a large military response.
    • Negotiated resolution included the halt to land development and a purchase of the disputed lands.

    Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP)

    • Created in 1996 in response to the Oka Crisis.
    • The commission involved both Indigenous and non-Indigenous members.
    • Focused on Indigenous self-governance and compensation for past injustices.
    • Included inquiries with many different Indigenous people about governance, land, economy, social, and cultural issues.
    • Specifically focused on historical, urban, women's, and children's perspectives.

    RCAP Recommendations

    • Complete restructuring of relations between settlers and Indigenous peoples.
    • Indigenous right to self-determination, including an independent court to settle land claims.
    • Increased funding for Indigenous communities in health, housing, education, employment, and creation of an Aboriginal university.

    Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)

    • Established in 2008.
    • Acknowledged residential school experiences, impacts and consequences.
    • Provided culturally appropriate ways to support former students, families, and communities.
    • Promoted awareness, support, and truth and reconciliation events.
    • Created an accessible historical record of the residential schools system, outlining its operation, purpose, and impact.
    • Provided recommendations to the Canadian government on the lasting legacy of residential schools, and the ongoing impact on Indigenous individuals.

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    Description

    Explore the profound effects of the Indian Act of 1876 on Indigenous peoples in Canada. This quiz dives into the changes enforced by the Canadian government, including the introduction of Indian Agents, the banning of traditional ceremonies, and the rigid definitions of 'Indian Status'. Test your knowledge on the social and legal implications of colonization in Canada.

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