Impact of the Black Death and Language Quiz

Key Concepts and Vocabulary

• Alcoholic frenzy: A period of intense intoxication, often characterized by erratic behavior.
• Rampant: Widespread and uncontrolled.
• Sickness: Illness.
• Ethics: Moral principles that govern a person's or group's behavior.
• Moral philosophy: The study of moral principles or values.
• Special management committee: A committee tasked with overseeing specific business aspects.
• Business ethics: Principles and standards that guide ethical conduct in the workplace.
• Concur: To agree.
• Clandestine: Secret; performed in a clandestine manner.
• Spies: Individuals engaged in clandestine activities, typically involving secret information gathering.
• FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation.
• Stock and trade: A person's profession or the means by which they make money.
• Cheating: Deliberate dishonesty or deception.
• Inan: Foolish; absurd.
• Code of ethics: A set of ethical principles.
• Proctor: A person who supervises an examination to ensure that cheating does not occur.
• Flagrant: Outrageous; glaringly bad.
• Violation: A breach of a rule or law.
• Admonish: To warn or reprove.
• Duress: Compulsion or coercion.
• Confession: An admission of guilt.
• Culprit: The guilty person.
• Inexorable: Unstoppable; unrelenting.
• Television sleuths: Individuals portrayed on television as detectives.
• Law breakers: Individuals who violate the law.
• Take down a peg: To humiliate or lower someone's status.
• Alumni: Former students of an institution.
• Basketball team: A sports team that plays basketball.
• Bulletins: Official announcements or notices.
• Egregious: Remarkably bad.
• Error: A mistake.
• Distraught: Mentally confused or agitated.
• Harassed: Subject to unwelcome pressure or criticism.
• Duplicity: Cunning trickery; dishonesty.
• Double dealing: Deceitful behavior.
• Acrimonious: Bitter; caustic.
• Comments: Remarks or opinions.
• Restraint: Control or moderation.
• To pity: to feel sorrow or compassion for.
• Scarcity: A lack of something.
• Shortage: A deficiency of something.
• Pass the buck: To shift responsibility to another.
• Star player: An important player on a sports team.
• Cheating scandal: A controversy involving cheating.
• Midterm exam: An exam given during the middle of a semester.
• Football captain: The leading player on a football team.
• City championship: The most prestigious championship award for a city.
• Overlook: To disregard or ignore.
• Plethora: A large number or abundance.
• Moral guidance: Instruction on ethical principles and values.
• Elicit: To draw forth or extract.
• Sleepy class: A class where students are lethargic or unfocused.
• Perforctory: Done without caring or attention.
• Superficial: Lacking depth or substance.
• Chagrin: Feeling of disappointment or humiliation.
• Taxpayers: Individuals who pay taxes.
• Impunity: Freedom from punishment.
• Lionize: To treat as a celebrity or idol.
• Eminent scientist: A famous or respected scientist.
• Nutritive value: The nutritional value of food.
• Vitamins and minerals: Essential nutrients for health.
• Feeling of fullness: A sensation of satiety.
• Disparage: To belittle or discredit.
• Laudible: Praiseworthy.
• Objectionable: Causing disapproval or opposition.
• Blunder: A serious mistake.
• Scientific disaster: A catastrophic scientific error or event.
• Laboratory fiasco: A significant failure in a laboratory setting.
• Masticate: To chew.
• Quell: To extinguish or suppress.
• Riot: A violent public disturbance.
• Tear gas: A substance used to subdue a crowd.
• Valuable initiative: A valuable or significant action.
• Confidant: A trusted friend or advisor.
• Obsolescence: The process of becoming outdated or obsolete.
• Insult: An offensive or disrespectful remark.
• Duped: Deceived.
• Dubious: Doubtful.
• Thumbs down: A gesture indicating disapproval.
• Implacable: Unchangeable.
• Paroxysm: A sudden outburst of emotion.
• Reprehensible: Deserving blame or punishment.
• Jurisdiction: Authority or power.
• Skirmish: A small fight or encounter.
• Cause célèbre: A well-known or highly publicized case.
• Haircut dilemma: Controversial argument over a style or type of haircut.
• Harass: To trouble or torment.
• Monolithic: Huge; solid.
• Arbitrary: Based on whim or personal judgment.
• Indigent: Poor; needy.
• Accosted: Approached or confronted.
• Elegant restaurant: A fancy or classy restaurant.
• Fry/fight: A term used for a dispute.
• Patch up: To resolve a conflict.
• One swallow does not make a summer: Don't jump to conclusions based on limited evidence.
• Troublesome topic: A difficult subject.
• Wayward lads: Disobedient young men.
• Public opinion: The collective beliefs and attitudes of the public.
• Nightmarish: Very frightening.
• Hanged in effigy: A figure of a person who was disliked or hated is hung in punishment.
• Cartoon: A humorous animation.
• Villainous: Marked by cruelty or wickedness.
• Swipe: A sudden hostile attack.
• Innocent samsons: Two innocent and righteous people.
• Flout: To show contempt for.
• Impunity: Freedom from punishment.
• Authority: The power to direct or control.
• School board: A group of people who oversee a school.
• Compromise: A resolution that satisfies all involved parties.
• Turbulent situation: A chaotic event.
• Terminate: To end.
• Incongruous: Inconsistent or inappropriate
• Employment: The state of having a job.
• Exacerbate: To irritate or worsen.
• Revert: To return
• Oust: To drive out.
• Alacrity: Promptness; speed.
• Disorderly patrons: Clients who create disruption.
• Axe to grind: A selfish motive or reason for an action.
• Happy ending: A successful or positive resolution to a story.
• Executive session: A closed meeting.
• Learning process: The way students acquire new information.
• Bar: To exclude or prevent from doing something.
• Mini skirt: A short skirt.
• Emaciated: Abnormally thin; wasted away.
• Warsaw Ghetto: A district in Warsaw during World War II.
• Nazis: Members of the Nazi party during World War II.
• Skirmishes: Small-scale battles or clashes.
• Heavy players: Important athletes on sports team.
• Tranquil: Peaceful or quiet.
• Sanctuary: A place of shelter or protection.
• Violation: Disrespecting a sacred or safe place.
• The Princes: Those who are in a position of authority.
• Ascend: To rise or climb.
• Sour grapes: To express dissatisfaction or resentment that is not based on reality.
• Principal's honor roll: A recognition for students who maintain high academic achievement, often used by school authority.
• Distinguished himself: Showed respect and admiration for excellence.
• Vietnam refugees: People fleeing Vietnam.
• Northern Communist Vietnamese forces: Forces from North Vietnam.
• Southward: A direction, that is southward.
• Lieutenant: A junior military officer.
• Naval hospital: A hospital in the navy.
• Yosa Japan: A small town in Japan
• Refugees to sanctuary: Places for people to find shelter amid a crisis.
• Saigon: Location, now known as Ho Chi Minh City, located in Southern Vietnam.
• Career: One's profession.
• Malnutrition: A bad diet.
• Afflict: To distress or trouble.
• Citizens of several Kentucky Mountain communities: People living in several localities within Kentucky.
• Worst poverty: A very great disadvantage of financial wellbeing.
• Besiege: To surround and attack.
• Running up a white flag: To surrender.
• Indicated: To show something explicitly.
• Privation: Lack of basic necessities.
• Jungle doctor: A doctor working in a jungle habitat.
• Sinister: Evil and harmful.
• Plot: A secret plan.
• Swapping horses in Midstream: Changing one's mind or shifting actions in a dramatic moment.
• Voting: An action for giving approval to a person or idea.
• Candidacy/candidate: The act of running for an election position.
• Shelter: Providing help and support.
• Poor Vietnamese: People living in poverty in Vietnam.
• Powerful Vietnam forces: Military forces in Vietnam with considerable strength.
• Ubiquitous: Present in many places at the same time.
• Referee: An impartial person, typically in sports, to oversee the process.
• Remote corner: A relatively hidden or out-of-sight spot.
• Dining room: A part of a building in which mealtime or dining occurs.
• Thwart: To prevent someone from achieving something.
• Voracious: Having a huge appetite.
• Harbinger: Any sign or indication.
• Malignant: Maleficent.
• Tumor: An abnormal tissue growth.
• Cool one's heels: To wait for an extended period of time.
• Delegates: People given the authority or chance to represent others in an occasion.
• Outer office: An office that is outside and typically more informal and separated than others.
• Geneva agreement: Agreements and treaties between countries.
• Military personnel: Military personnel serving and employed by the army or navy.
• Mobile Medical unit: A unit consisting of medical resources and experts to serve the needy.
• Civilian: A non-military person.
• Traditional enemies: Person or group who is traditionally an opponent against another.
• Disease: Sickness and ailments.
• Dirt: Soil or other contaminating materials.
• Ignorance: Lack of knowledge.
• Starvation: Lack of food or nutrition.
• Communism: A political system which is structured to be operated and controlled by individuals of the same socioeconomic class, for instance, laborers.
• Malignant cancer: A dangerous form of cancer.
• Minute hand: A timekeeping mechanism in clocks or watches to indicate time.
• Inching its way: Very slowly moving.
• Interval of relief: A pause from an unpleasant or hostile situation.
• Insurance salesman: Sales agent working within the area of insurance.
• Red herring: A misleading clue.
• War record: One's or a soldier's experience engaging in warfare.
• CFT Promises: Contracts or promises held by countries or states.
• Ecruciating, agonizing, torturing: Phrases indicating a great amount of pain.
• Besieged by debts: Having a large accumulation of financial trouble.
• Bankruptcy: A state in which financial dealings are failed.
• Corporation: A large, often multi-national company.
• Subsequent, subsequent to: Following subsequently
• Medical organization: A medical institution providing resources to those in need.
• Impressario: An organizer or presenter of cultural series.
• Extortion: Getting money through threats or intimidation.
• Adverse: Unfavorable or harmful.
• Asset: A valuable item or possession.
• President Obama: The 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama.
• Texting: A form of digital communication.
• Bigot: Someone who has prejudice.
• Sanctuary: A safe haven.
• Spill the beans: Reveal a secret.
• Felon: A criminal.
• Retticent: Someone who is shy or hesitant.
• Circus impressario: A person who organizes or manages a circus.
• Manuscript: A handwritten document.
• Public figure: A well-known or prominent individual.
• Limelight: Being the center of attention, typically in the public eye.
• Adverse criticism: Negative comments.
• Publicity: Promotion or attention received through media.
• Rabel rousers: Individuals who stir up public commotion.
• Bigots: prejudiced people; prejudice.
• Sensationalism: Emphasizing shocking or exciting aspects of news stories.
• Controversial characters: People who are the subject of disagreement or debate.
• Disagreeably loud: Unpleasantly loud.
• Showy: Extravagant or conspicuous.
• Discourtesy: Rude or impolite behavior.
• Bereaved family: A family that has experienced loss.
• Entourage: A group of attendants or followers.
• Bodyguards: Individuals who protect or escort others.
• Tranquil: Peaceful.
• Virulent: Extremely harmful.
• Plague: A widespread infectious disease.
• Venom: Poison.
• Malice: Ill will.
• Spew: To discharge forcefully.
• Keep a stiff upper lip: To be courageous.
• Bombing: Act of using bombs.
• Bigots: prejudiced people; prejudice.
• Lunatic fringe: A group of people who hold extremist views or beliefs.
• Hate Monger: Someone who promotes hatred or prejudice.
• Newsworthy: Worthy of being reported in the media.
• Loath: Reluctant or unwilling.
• Solicit: To seek or beg for.
• Funds / fundraising: Financial contributions.
• Indigent families: Financially disadvantaged families.
• Autistic: A term designating a form of developmental disability.
• Adverse features: Negative characteristics.
• Mortgage: A loan to buy a home.
• Advocate: To support.
• General: In this context, a military commander.
• Bombings: Actions of using bombs.
• Ineffective: Not producing the desired result.
• Director: Person responsible for directing and managing a project.
• Cold feet: Hesitation or fear about something.
• Coping mechanism / strategy: Strategies to effectively deal with adversity.
• Freedom of speech: The right to express one's opinions openly.

Topic: Specific Events

• Frequent problems: Cheating incidents are pervasive, spanning various activities like schoolwork, sports, and potentially employment.
• Enforcement issues: Measures to address the cheating problem (e.g., warnings, disciplinary action, and investigation) are often challenging and met with evasion or resistance from individuals.
• Social ramifications: These incidents create controversy, tensions, and reputational damage, affecting institutions and individuals.
• Political context: Similar instances and themes of conflict can be viewed on a larger scale (e.g., international relations, propaganda).
• Individual responses: Individuals respond to issues through various strategies – from being resolute in pursuing justice to shifting or denying responsibility.

Topic: Situations and Relationships

• Relationships: Relationships between individuals are characterized by collaboration, conflict, and an interplay of trust and deceit.
• Role dynamics: Various roles, relationships, and duties of individuals in communities/institutions are explored.
• Ethical dilemmas: Individuals are often confronted with ethical dilemmas of right and wrong.
• Social issues: Social issues in different environments are depicted and examined, including challenges created by public health concerns, conflict, and poverty.
• Responses under pressure: Individuals' responses to pressure and duress are scrutinized, in both personal contexts (e.g., emotional or financial pressure) and in professional settings (e.g., conflict, leadership).

Topic: People and Their Actions

• Historical figures: People and ideas of historical significance (e.g., politicians, reformers) are highlighted as figures with relevant ideas and experiences.
• Decisions: Critical decisions taken by individuals or groups, and the circumstances surrounding them are analyzed in terms of their impact, causes or consequences.
• Motivation: The motivations of certain individuals or groups are addressed.
• Actions: The actions carried out by people can be analyzed in light of their consequences and their causes.

Topic: Describing Qualities and Actions

• Actions and qualities: Qualities like diligence, determination, resoluteness, perseverance and their associated traits are highlighted.
• Examples: Examples provide a detailed description for better analysis of situations.
• Consequences: Outcomes, intended or unintended, of actions or events are considered as well.