Podcast
Questions and Answers
Sa‘adat Khan founded the state of ______
Sa‘adat Khan founded the state of ______
Awadh
Murshid Quli Khan founded the state of ______
Murshid Quli Khan founded the state of ______
Bengal
Asaf Jah founded the state of ______
Asaf Jah founded the state of ______
Hyderabad
The states of Awadh, Bengal, and Hyderabad were founded by members of the high Mughal nobility who had been governors of large provinces and held high mansabdari positions, indicating their previous loyalty to the ______
The states of Awadh, Bengal, and Hyderabad were founded by members of the high Mughal nobility who had been governors of large provinces and held high mansabdari positions, indicating their previous loyalty to the ______
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The emergence of new states in the subcontinent in the eighteenth century led to the fragmentation and decline of Mughal ______
The emergence of new states in the subcontinent in the eighteenth century led to the fragmentation and decline of Mughal ______
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The Mughal Empire gradually fragmented into independent, regional states due to the competition among nobles and the states' desire for ______
The Mughal Empire gradually fragmented into independent, regional states due to the competition among nobles and the states' desire for ______
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The impact of Nadir Shah's invasion on Delhi was such that those who had been masters were now in dire straits; and those who had been revered couldn’t even ______ their thirst.
The impact of Nadir Shah's invasion on Delhi was such that those who had been masters were now in dire straits; and those who had been revered couldn’t even ______ their thirst.
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During Nadir Shah's invasion, the wealthy were turned into ______.
During Nadir Shah's invasion, the wealthy were turned into ______.
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The competition among different groups of nobles in the Mughal Empire led to division into two major groups, the Iranis and ______.
The competition among different groups of nobles in the Mughal Empire led to division into two major groups, the Iranis and ______.
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The decline of Mughal authority resulted in the emergence of new states as the governors of large provinces, subadars, and the great zamindars consolidated their authority in different parts of the ______.
The decline of Mughal authority resulted in the emergence of new states as the governors of large provinces, subadars, and the great zamindars consolidated their authority in different parts of the ______.
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The worst humiliation for Mughal emperors came when two of them were assassinated, and two others were ______ by their nobles.
The worst humiliation for Mughal emperors came when two of them were assassinated, and two others were ______ by their nobles.
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The New City Shahjahanabad was turned into ______ during Nadir Shah's attack.
The New City Shahjahanabad was turned into ______ during Nadir Shah's attack.
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Nobles appointed as __________ 2022-23?
Nobles appointed as __________ 2022-23?
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Which group of people challenged Mughal authority for the longest time in Aurangzeb’s reign?
Which group of people challenged Mughal authority for the longest time in Aurangzeb’s reign?
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EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY POLITICAL FORMATIONS governors often controlled the offices of revenue and military administration as well. This gave them extraordinary political, economic and military powers over vast regions of the Mughal Empire. As the governors consolidated their control over the provinces, the periodic remission of revenue to the capital declined. Peasant and zamindari rebellions in many parts of northern and western India added to these problems. These revolts were sometimes caused by the pressures of mounting ________.
EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY POLITICAL FORMATIONS governors often controlled the offices of revenue and military administration as well. This gave them extraordinary political, economic and military powers over vast regions of the Mughal Empire. As the governors consolidated their control over the provinces, the periodic remission of revenue to the capital declined. Peasant and zamindari rebellions in many parts of northern and western India added to these problems. These revolts were sometimes caused by the pressures of mounting ________.
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At other times they were attempts by powerful chieftains to consolidate their own positions. Mughal authority had been challenged by rebellious groups in the past as well. But these groups were now able to seize the economic resources of the region to consolidate their positions. The Mughal emperors after Aurangzeb were unable to arrest the gradual shifting of political and economic authority into the hands of provincial governors, local chieftains and other ________.
At other times they were attempts by powerful chieftains to consolidate their own positions. Mughal authority had been challenged by rebellious groups in the past as well. But these groups were now able to seize the economic resources of the region to consolidate their positions. The Mughal emperors after Aurangzeb were unable to arrest the gradual shifting of political and economic authority into the hands of provincial governors, local chieftains and other ________.
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Rich harvests and empty coffers. The following is a contemporary writer’s account of the financial bankruptcy of the empire: The great lords are helpless and ________.
Rich harvests and empty coffers. The following is a contemporary writer’s account of the financial bankruptcy of the empire: The great lords are helpless and ________.
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This gave them extraordinary political, economic and military powers over vast regions of the Mughal Empire. As the governors consolidated their control over the provinces, the periodic remission of revenue to the capital declined. Peasant and zamindari rebellions in many parts of northern and western India added to these problems. These revolts were sometimes caused by the pressures of mounting taxes. At other times they were attempts by powerful chieftains to consolidate their own positions. Mughal authority had been challenged by rebellious groups in the past as well. But these groups were now able to seize the ________ resources of the region to consolidate their positions.
This gave them extraordinary political, economic and military powers over vast regions of the Mughal Empire. As the governors consolidated their control over the provinces, the periodic remission of revenue to the capital declined. Peasant and zamindari rebellions in many parts of northern and western India added to these problems. These revolts were sometimes caused by the pressures of mounting taxes. At other times they were attempts by powerful chieftains to consolidate their own positions. Mughal authority had been challenged by rebellious groups in the past as well. But these groups were now able to seize the ________ resources of the region to consolidate their positions.
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Study Notes
Mughal Empire Decline
- Sa‘adat Khan founded the state of Awadh.
- Murshid Quli Khan founded the state of Bengal.
- Asaf Jah founded the state of Hyderabad.
- The states of Awadh, Bengal, and Hyderabad were founded by members of the high Mughal nobility who had been governors of large provinces and held high mansabdari positions, indicating their previous loyalty to the Mughal Empire.
Fragmentation of Mughal Empire
- The emergence of new states in the subcontinent in the eighteenth century led to the fragmentation and decline of Mughal authority.
- The Mughal Empire gradually fragmented into independent, regional states due to the competition among nobles and the states' desire for autonomy.
- The competition among different groups of nobles in the Mughal Empire led to division into two major groups, the Iranis and Turanis.
Impact of Nadir Shah's Invasion
- The impact of Nadir Shah's invasion on Delhi was such that those who had been masters were now in dire straits; and those who had been revered couldn’t even quench their thirst.
- During Nadir Shah's invasion, the wealthy were turned into beggars.
- The New City Shahjahanabad was turned into a desolate place during Nadir Shah's attack.
Challenges to Mughal Authority
- The decline of Mughal authority resulted in the emergence of new states as the governors of large provinces, subadars, and the great zamindars consolidated their authority in different parts of the subcontinent.
- The worst humiliation for Mughal emperors came when two of them were assassinated, and two others were blinded by their nobles.
- Nobles appointed as governors often controlled the offices of revenue and military administration.
- The Sikhs challenged Mughal authority for the longest time in Aurangzeb’s reign.
Financial Crisis
- Peasant and zamindari rebellions in many parts of northern and western India added to the problems of the Mughal Empire.
- These revolts were sometimes caused by the pressures of mounting taxes.
- Rich harvests and empty coffers characterized the financial situation of the Mughal Empire.
- The great lords were helpless and unable to pay their salaries.
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Description
Explore the effects of Nadir Shah's invasion on Delhi as described in historical accounts, highlighting the drastic changes in power dynamics, social status, and living conditions of the city's inhabitants.
