Impact of Decreased Pork Production in the Philippines

What is the main difference between virus particles (virions) and viruses?

Virions are metabolically inert and not replicating, whereas viruses are pathogenic and actively replicating (correct)
Virions are less abundant in oceans compared to viruses
Virions can infect cells, but viruses cannot
Virions are always harmful, while viruses can be beneficial

How do viruses contribute to the evolution of humans?

By carrying endogenous retrovirus elements in the human genome (correct)
By causing viral infections that increase genetic diversity
By synthesizing DNA from RNA in host cells
By helping in the replication of human DNA

What is reverse transcription, as discovered by Robert Baltimore?

Transcription of DNA to RNA
Transcription of RNA to DNA (correct)
Replication of DNA using RNA as a template
Replication of RNA using DNA as a template

Which scientist's experiment in 1952 confirmed that DNA was the hereditary material of viruses?

Hershey and Chase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of telomerase in viral replication?

Uses RNA to create complementary DNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of metagenomics in viral discovery?

It has revolutionized both the rate and nature of virus discovery (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which institute in the Philippines was already funded by DOST for virus discovery research?

Virology Institute of the Philippines (VIP) (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses travel around ecosystems according to the text?

Via shuttle virus particles that move easily between organisms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sanitizing mats used to control Foot and Mouth Disease mentioned in the text?

To sterilize footwear to prevent spreading the disease (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the Global Virome Project mentioned in the text?

To discover new viruses and assess their role in ecosystems (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which process is refined due to viruses, as mentioned in the text?

Splicing RNA molecules (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common definition of a virus?

An obligate intracellular parasite (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist(s) contributed to the discovery of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in the 1890s?

Iwanowsky and Beijerinck (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a viral capsid?

To help the virus attach to host cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of giant viruses?

They have very large genomes and are enveloped (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which virus was responsible for the discovery of solid tumors in chickens?

Rous Sarcoma Virus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What did Iwanowsky and Beijerinck discover about viruses?

Viruses are filterable infectious agents (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of virions in viral transmission?

To protect the viral genome outside host cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist(s) formulated Koch's postulates that are essential for defining disease agents?

Koch (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why detecting viruses is more challenging than detecting bacteria?

Viruses are smaller in size than bacteria. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a virus allows it to hijack the cellular machinery of a host cell for replication?

Genetic material wrapped in a protein coat. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are bacteriophages significant in virology?

They form plaques on bacterial lawns. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an intracellular virus from an extracellular virion?

The inert nature of an extracellular virion. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic element is known for being a selfish genetic element that can either cut and paste or copy and paste itself within the host genome?

Transposons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key enzyme responsible for converting the retroviral genome into double-stranded DNA within the host cell?

Reverse transcriptase (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which theory posits that viruses originated from free-living cells that became parasitic, leading to a loss of genetic information over time?

Regressive Hypothesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do Chlamydia trachomatis and Rickettsia have in common, based on the text?

They are specialized intracellular parasites (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of virus evolution, why might giant viruses be harder to trace back to cellular origins, as mentioned in the text?

Oversaturated mutations mask their cellular origins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed order of evolution from DNA to proteins enclosed in lipid spheres, based on the text?

DNA → RNA → protein enclosed in lipid sphere (D) Signup and view all the answers

What may have been the advantage of self-replicating nucleic acids being surrounded by a protein coat?

Taking advantage of host cells to become viruses (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the RNA world hypothesis propose regarding the origin of cells?

Cells originated from RNA-based systems (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between large DNA viruses and eukaryotic cells, as highlighted in the text?

The presence of homologous genes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one common aspect between Chlamydia trachomatis, Rickettsia, and giant viruses mentioned in the text?

They require a host to replicate (D) Signup and view all the answers