Questions and Answers
Which technology developed in 1650 was significant for navigation during exploration?
What was the primary purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas established in 1494?
How did the Treaty of Tordesillas impact the indigenous populations in the Americas?
What year was the Carta Marina, a significant map for navigation, created?
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Which two countries were the primary beneficiaries of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
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What was one of the primary motives for Europeans during the Age of Exploration?
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Which technological advancement significantly changed production methods during the Age of Exploration?
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How did the Age of Exploration contribute to cultural diversity?
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Which island chain was known as the source of major spices during the Age of Exploration?
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What cultural aspect was questioned during the Age of Exploration?
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What did Enlightenment thinkers influence during the 18th century?
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Which factor significantly increased the demand for Eastern goods before the Age of Exploration?
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What was a significant consequence of explorers' actions on indigenous populations?
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Study Notes
Artifacts and Guesses
- Possible artifacts include compass, telescope, caravel/ship, and astrolabe, each representing significant advancements in navigation and exploration.
Impact of Age of Exploration
- Discoveries during this period reshaped global trade routes, leading to economic shifts and cultural exchanges that are still evident today.
Essential Questions
- Exploration raises questions about cultural integrity amid foreign influence.
- Economic choices are influenced by resource availability and demand.
- Logic and reason fostered the development of social sciences during this era.
Enduring Understandings
- Resource needs prompted European exploration and conquest.
- The Age of Exploration facilitated cultural diversity and exchange.
- Technological advancements transformed production methods in society.
- Enlightenment thinkers significantly impacted 18th-century leadership.
Pre-Exploration Europe
- High demand for Eastern goods, especially spices, was a key motivator for exploration.
- The Moluccas, known as the "Spice Islands," were central to the spice trade, located in present-day Indonesia.
Motives for Exploration
- Seek new trade routes to bypass middlemen in the spice trade.
- Promote the conversion to Christianity among new populations.
- Enhance knowledge about unfamiliar lands and cultures.
Technology in Exploration
- Tools influencing exploration included:
- Persian Astrolabe (1650) for navigation.
- Carta Marina (1516) for cartography.
- St. Gabriel model (1498) for ship design.
- Mariner’s Compass (1570) for orientation at sea.
Pair Activity and Discussion Questions
- Review the exploration routes embarked upon by Spain, Portugal, Dutch, French, and English explorers.
- Explore reasons for country-specific exploration efforts and the effects on Spain and Portugal.
Treaty of Tordesillas
- The 1494 Treaty divided the New World between Spain and Portugal, delineated by a red vertical line through Brazil.
- While beneficial for both empires, the treaty negatively impacted the indigenous populations previously inhabiting these lands.
Ethical Considerations
- Examine ethical challenges faced by explorers in historical contexts compared to contemporary issues.
- Discuss the responsibilities of explorers regarding the lands and peoples encountered during their journeys.
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Description
Explore the significant advancements and cultural shifts during the Age of Exploration. Understand how artifacts like the compass and astrolabe contributed to navigation and trade. Examine the long-lasting effects on global economies and cultural exchanges that began in this period.
