30 Questions
Which of the following is a characteristic of the nonspecific defense system?
It responds immediately to protect the body from foreign material.
Which cells are involved in both nonspecific and specific lines of defense?
Macrophages
What is the primary function of natural killer (NK) cells?
Lysing and killing cancer cells and virus-infected cells
Which of the following is a characteristic of the specific defense system?
It has a slow response and memory.
Antigens that can provoke an adaptive immune response are known as:
Immunogens
What type of immunity is conferred when antibodies are obtained from another source?
Passive immunity
Which cells become immunocompetent in the thymus?
T lymphocytes
Which part of the immune system recognizes and mounts a stronger attack on previously encountered pathogens?
Specific defense system
The secondary immune response is characterized by:
A stronger and longer-lasting response
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of the inflammatory response?
Itching
Which of the following is NOT part of the first line of defense in the immune system?
Phagocytes
Which cells are primarily responsible for the production of antibodies?
B lymphocytes
Which immune response is responsible for targeting virus-infected cells and cancer cells?
Cellular immunity
What type of cell is responsible for engulfing and digesting foreign material in the body?
Phagocytes
Which of the following statements about self-antigens is true?
They are surface proteins that do not normally trigger an immune response in their own body.
The nonspecific defense system has memory and responds immediately to protect the body from foreign material.
False
Macrophages are involved in both the second line of defense and the specific immune response.
True
Natural killer (NK) cells can destroy virus-infected cells and cancer cells.
True
The specific defense system lacks memory and acts against all pathogens in the same way.
False
All antigens are immunogens capable of provoking an adaptive immune response.
False
Passive immunity involves the production of antibodies by the individual's own immune system.
False
B lymphocytes become immunocompetent in the bone marrow.
True
The secondary immune response is typically weaker and shorter than the primary response.
False
Inflammatory response does not prevent the spread of damaging agents.
False
Vaginal secretions are acidic to inhibit bacterial growth.
True
Phagocytosis is the process by which phagocytes engulf and digest foreign material.
True
The humoral immune response involves B cells producing chemicals for defense.
True
The inflammatory response results in redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
True
The specific defense system is antigen-specific and systemic.
True
Memory cells play a crucial role in the secondary immune response.
True
Study Notes
Characteristic of Nonspecific Defense System
- Responds immediately to protect the body from foreign material
- No memory
Cells Involved in Both Nonspecific and Specific Lines of Defense
- Macrophages
- Dendritic Cells
Function of Natural Killer (NK) Cells
- Lysing and killing cancer cells and virus-infected cells
Characteristics of Specific Defense System
- Has a slow response and memory
- Involves antigen-specific responses
Antigens and Immunogens
- Antigens that can provoke an adaptive immune response are known as immunogens
- Not all antigens are immunogens
Types of Immunity
- Active immunity: conferred through production of antibodies by the individual's own immune system
- Passive immunity: conferred through antibodies obtained from another source
Development of Immunocompetent Cells
- B lymphocytes become immunocompetent in the bone marrow
- T lymphocytes become immunocompetent in the thymus
Immune Response to Previously Encountered Pathogens
- Specific defense system recognizes and mounts a stronger attack on previously encountered pathogens
Secondary Immune Response
- Characterized by a stronger and longer-lasting response
- Involves memory cells
Inflammatory Response
- Characterized by: redness, heat, swelling, and pain
- Prevents the spread of damaging agents
- Itching is not a cardinal sign of inflammation
First Line of Defense
- Skin
- Mucous membranes
- Stomach mucosa (not part of the first line of defense)
- Phagocytes are not part of the first line of defense
Antibody Production
- B lymphocytes are primarily responsible for the production of antibodies
Immune Response to Virus-Infected Cells and Cancer Cells
- Cellular immunity is responsible for targeting virus-infected cells and cancer cells
Phagocytosis
- Phagocytes are responsible for engulfing and digesting foreign material in the body
Self-Antigens
- Surface proteins that do not normally trigger an immune response in their own body
Test your knowledge of the immune system with these multiple-choice questions, covering topics such as nonspecific defense and specific lines of defense.
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