Immunology: ELISA Methods Quiz

Uses fluorescently labeled antibodies to detect specific receptors on cells. Cells containing matching receptors fluoresce when illuminated with UV light.

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. Antigens, unknown antibodies, enzyme-linked antibodies are used to detect presence & amount of unknown antibody. Color change signals presence.

ELISA detects antibodies or antigens (such as drugs).

A type of ELISA used to screen for antibodies related to specific conditions like HIV, Hepatitis A & C, and Cholera.

Color change indicates the presence of the targeted antibody; stronger color = more antibody.

Conditions where the immune system overreacts to harmless substances, causing symptoms like inflammation and itching.

Seasonal allergy caused by inhaled plant pollen or molds.

Breathing difficulty due to bronchoconstriction, often triggered by allergens or infections.

Skin condition with dry, scaly, thickened skin, possibly caused by various allergens.

Immune response triggered by food, often leading to digestive or skin issues.

Allergic reaction to medications, ranging from mild to life-threatening.

Serious, life-threatening allergic reaction affecting the respiratory and circulatory systems.

In vivo method using allergens to pinpoint allergic triggers on the skin.

Conditions that can have symptoms similar to allergies, requiring careful diagnosis.

Laboratory test measuring the amount of IgE antibodies to specific allergens.

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is used to treat anaphylactic shock. It reverses airway constriction and slows the release of allergic mediators, buying time for further treatment.

Desensitization, or hyposensitization, is a process of controlled injections of specific allergens to reduce allergic reactions. It works by preventing reactions between allergens, IgE antibodies, and mast cells.

ABO blood types are based on genetically determined glycoprotein markers (antigens) on red blood cells. They are inherited as A, B, or O alleles.

Type O blood is the universal donor because it lacks both A and B antigens, preventing agglutination with other blood types.

Type AB blood lacks antibodies to A and B antigens, making it the universal recipient.

Rh factor, specifically the D antigen, is another blood type marker. Rh+ is dominant, while Rh- is recessive.

This condition results from Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus, potentially harming the baby.

Type III hypersensitivity involves immune complex reactions, caused by antigen-antibody complexes in the blood.

A systemic reaction involving antigen-antibody complexes throughout the body, causing inflammation.

A localized reaction caused by immune complexes forming at the site of injection.

The study of diseases caused by over- or under-reactions of the immune system.

An exaggerated immune response that causes inflammation, triggered by specific antigens called allergens.

A weakened or impaired immune system.

The idea that early exposure to microbes, especially in childhood, helps train the immune system and reduce allergies.

Substances that trigger an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals.

Immune cells found in tissues that release chemicals like histamine during allergic reactions.

The process where mast cells release their granules containing inflammatory chemicals.

A chemical mediator released by mast cells that causes many of the classic symptoms of allergies, like sneezing, itching, and runny nose.

Chemical messengers released by cells, particularly during immune responses.

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions triggered by allergens, often involving IgE antibodies and mast cells.

A type of delayed-type hypersensitivity that occurs when someone previously exposed to an infection is re-exposed to the same pathogen's antigens, leading to an inflammatory reaction.

A network of vessels that transport lymph fluid, containing white blood cells, to lymph nodes. It plays a crucial role in the immune system by facilitating the circulation of immune cells.

A fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system, carrying white blood cells, including lymphocytes (B cells and T cells), and macrophages.

White blood cells that originate and mature in the bone marrow. They produce antibodies that specifically target antigens.

Specialized B cells that produce and secrete large amounts of antibodies.

A molecule, usually a protein or carbohydrate, that triggers an immune response. They have specific regions called epitopes that bind to antibodies.

A type of T cell that helps activate other immune cells, like B cells and cytotoxic T cells, to fight infections.

A type of T cell that directly kills infected cells or cancer cells.

An immune response mediated by antibodies produced by B cells. This response is effective against pathogens in the blood and other body fluids.