Immunology: Course Overview Spring 2025

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the most encompassing goal of the immune response?

  • To induce a state of constant inflammation that keeps the immune system in a heightened state of alert.
  • To selectively target and eliminate pathogens and other harmful substances, while minimizing harm to the body's own tissues. (correct)
  • To completely eradicate all foreign substances from the body, regardless of the impact on host tissues.
  • To develop a resistance to all potential pathogens, so that the body never experiences infection.

What is the role of communication in the context of an immune response?

  • To facilitate interactions between immune cells and to direct the appropriate immune response. (correct)
  • To prevent the migration of immune cells to the site of infection.
  • To directly kill infected cells.
  • To solely activate the innate immune response.

If the immune system does not recognize a threat, what kind of problem is that considered?

  • Hypersensitivity
  • Recognition Issue (correct)
  • Immunodeficiency
  • Autoimmunity

What is the main distinction between a preventative and therapeutic vaccine?

<p>Preventative vaccines stimulate the immune system to prevent future disease, while therapeutic vaccines activate the immune system to combat existing disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes how pathogens evade the immune system?

<p>By developing mechanisms to avoid detection, recognition, or destruction by immune cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contribution of Edward Jenner to the field of immunology?

<p>He developed the first vaccine, specifically for smallpox. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a case study write-up in the context of this course?

<p>A detailed analysis of a specific instance of an immunological phenomenon or disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which project involves creating a patient medical brochure or fact sheet?

<p>The autoimmune/autoinflammatory/immunodeficiency diseases project. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the topics that will be covered in the Immunology course?

<p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the examples is something the Immune System can attack?

<p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main course objective?

<p>Understanding how the immune system functions to fight infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the immune system, what do 'invaders' generally refer to?

<p>Pathogens and other harmful foreign entities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of immune treatment options for diseases?

<p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Autoimmune diseases are an example of what?

<p>The Immune System FAILING (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of immune responses, what is the significance of balancing the 'scale'?

<p>Achieving a balance between immune defenses and evasion strategies of pathogens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lymphatic system in immunity?

<p>To maintain fluid balance and facilitate immune cell interactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a primary lymphoid tissue?

<p>Bone Marrow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a main concept of vaccinations?

<p>Priming the immune system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the intent of immunotherapies?

<p>To modulate the immune system to fight disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can trigger hypersensitivity reactions?

<p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three R's of the Immune System are?

<p>Respond, Recognize, React (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can the immune system be compromised, leading to immunodeficiency?

<p>All of the above (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a preventative vaccine?

<p>To prevent disease by preparing the immune system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which project is focused on informing patients about specific health conditions?

<p>The project involving autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and immunodeficiency diseases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is demonstrated by the image of 'Tipping the Scales'?

<p>The war between invader and defenders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do pathogens impact the immune response?

<p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key aspect of the adaptive immune system?

<p>Development of immunological memory for long-lasting immunity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The course will have how many exams?

<p>Four (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'Recognition' in immunology?

<p>The capacity of immune cells to specifically identify antigens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Immunology?

The study of the immune system. It encompasses the body's defense mechanisms against disease.

Immune Response

The body's coordinated response to protect against pathogens, foreign substances, or altered cells.

Innate Immunity

A set of defense mechanisms that is present from birth and provides immediate, non-specific protection.

Adaptive Immunity

A specific defense, slower to respond, that involves immunological memory to provide long-lasting protection

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Antigens

Foreign substances that trigger an immune response, such as pathogens or toxins.

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Antibodies

Proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize or destroy antigens.

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Autoimmune Disease

A condition where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues or organs.

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Hypersensitivity

An immediate and excessive immune reaction to a harmless substance, leading to allergy symptoms.

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Immunodeficiency

A condition in which the immune system is weakened and unable to effectively fight off infections and diseases.

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Immunotherapies

Treatment that uses the body's immune system to fight diseases, such as cancer.

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Vaccines

A preparation containing antigens to stimulate an immune response and provide protection against a specific disease.

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Preventative Vaccine

Administered to a person BEFORE infection to prevent disease by preparing the immune system.

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Therapeutic Vaccine

Administered AFTER an infection, aim to activate immune system against disease.

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Recognition

The process of recognizing and responding to foreign antigens or pathogens by the immune system.

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Cell Mediated Immunity

Involves cell-mediated responses, where immune cells directly kill infected cells.

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Humoral Immunity

Includes antibody-mediated responses, where antibodies neutralize pathogens by tagging antigen.

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Pathogen

A disease-causing agent, such as a bacterium, virus, or fungus.

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Lymph

A liquid that circulates in the lymphatic system, containing white blood cells; Important for waste removal and transporting immune cells.

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Lymphatic System

Network for immune defense containing Lymph nodes/lymphatics/organs

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Study Notes

  • Welcome to Immunology for Spring 2025

  • Instructor: Dr. Ann Williams, SC200, [email protected]

  • Review the syllabus, textbooks, and Canvas site.

Canvas Information

  • Course ID: BIO_360-1_SP_2025

  • Includes animations, flashcards, and an inquisitive component.

  • Focus on VOCAB, BUILDing understanding, VISUALIZing concepts, RELATing ideas, and understanding DETAILS.

Key Questions

  • What is immunology?

  • Why is it important to you?

  • What is the purpose/goal of the immune response?

  • How does it work?

  • Video resources are available, including chapter animations for Chapter 1.

Main Topics

  • Module 1: Introduction & Overview of Immune System Players in Innate & Adaptive Immunity

  • Exam 1: February 17 (100 points)

  • Module 2: Innate Immunity & Autoinflammatory Diseases

  • Exam 2: March 24 (100 points)

  • Module 3: Adaptive Immunity, AutoImmune diseases, and FLOW analysis

  • Exam 3: April 21 (100 points)

  • Module 4: Immune Conditions & Protection

  • Final Exam: Friday, May 9, 11am – 1pm (100 points)

  • Covers the last three lectures and selected cumulative topics.

  • A list of topics will be provided from previous lectures and case studies.

  • Content includes in-class material, PowerPoints, lectures, handouts, case studies, and animations.

Semester Topics Overview

  • How the immune system functions to fight infection.
  • How pathogens have evolved to escape the immune system.
  • Problems when the immune system fails, including hypersensitivity, immunodeficiency, and autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases.
  • Immune treatment options for diseases and prevention, such as immunotherapies & vaccines.
  • Comparison of the human immune system with those of other organisms, like bats.

Projects

  • Case Study Write-Up
  • AutoImmune/Autoinflammatory/Immunodeficiency Diseases project
  • Patient Medical brochure/fact sheet
  • Seminar presentation
  • Consider the audience for each.

How the Immune System Works

  • Activating factors and involved players and their roles in fighting infection
  • Pathogens evolve mechanisms of resistance against the immune system

Immune Response vs. Invaders

  • Invaders/Pathogens: Lead to disease.
  • Defenders/Immune Response: Aim for activation.
  • Success depends on tipping the scales in favor of the immune response.

The 3 R's of Immunology

  • Recognition (antigens & antibodies)
  • Communication is the big "C"

Recognizing and Attacking

  • Allergies
  • AutoImmune Disease
  • Cytokine Storm
  • Organ transplant rejection
  • Recognition Issues

The 3Rs of Immunology

  • Problems include
  • Hypersensitivity and recognition issues
  • Immunodeficiency/Immunocompromised
  • Genetic Inherited diseases (Case studies)
  • Diseases - HIV (Case studies)
  • Cancer of IS – leukemia, lymphomas
  • Drugs/hormones
  • Stress

Immune Treatment and Prevention

  • Immunotherapies
  • Monoclonal Ab treatments
  • IgG infusion
  • IFN therapy
  • Vaccines (preventative & therapeutic)

Preventative Vaccines

  • Administered to healthy individuals.
  • Prepare the immune system to prevent future disease by creating protective antibodies.

Therapeutic Vaccines

  • Administered to those with an existing infection or diseased cells.
  • Activate the immune system to target the disease.

Immunology

  • The science of immunology started as a case study.
  • Edward Jenner: English physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines.
  • Created the smallpox vaccine, the world's first.

Edward Jenner

  • Inoculated James Phipps with vaccinia (cowpox) virus on May 15, 1796
  • Challenged the boy with live smallpox on July 1, 1796
  • Found that the boy was protected against this infection.

Immune System Components

  • Lymphatic system: Part of the immune system.
  • Keeps body fluid levels in balance
  • Defends the body against infections.
  • Lymphatic vessels, tissues, organs, and glands drain watery fluid, called lymph.
  • Lymphocytes: Arise and undergo maturation in the bone marrow
  • T cells: Complete their development in the thymus.
  • Primary Lymphoid tissues: Bone marrow and thymus
  • Secondary Lymphoid tissues: Shown in yellow, and the thin, black branching lines represent lymphatic vessels, also called Tymphatics.

Next Steps

  • Find information in textbook Ch. 1, online.
  • Categorize immune system players, organs/tissues/highways, and proteins.

Overview Of Immune Response

  • Immune Tool Boxes organizes information into Innate/Adaptive and Cell Mediated/Humoral camps
  • Each cell type can be further be defined as Innate or Adpative, Role/Response and Cell Mediated or Humoral

To Do

  • Watch Chapter 1 Book animation, the Immune response
  • Define Innate, Adaptive, Cell Mediated & Humoral Immunity
  • For each cell type on list determine
  • Innate or Adaptive
  • Role/Response
  • For Adaptive-Cell Mediated or Humoral
  • Build a Fort to protect your People and Kingdom!

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