Immunology Complement and MHC Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the systems mentioned in the content?

To synthesize proteins

To eliminate pathogens, dying cells, and immune complexes (correct)

To enhance cognitive functions

To regulate body temperature

Which two types of immune systems work together to combat health threats?

Cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Innate and adaptive immune systems (correct)

Digestive and muscular systems

Nervous and endocrine systems

Which of the following is NOT eliminated by the systems highlighted in the content?

Nutrient deficiencies (correct)

Immune complexes

Dying cells

Pathogens

What types of threats do the immune systems cooperate to remove from the body?

Pathogens, dying cells, and immune complexes Signup and view all the answers

The cooperation of the immune systems primarily serves to address what?

Infections and cellular debris Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the globulin protein fraction in plasma do complement components constitute?

15% Signup and view all the answers

Besides blood plasma, where else are complement components found?

In cell membranes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins does the term complement embrace?

Proteins and glycoproteins Signup and view all the answers

What portion of complement components are regulatory components found on cell membranes?

A significant proportion Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about complement components is correct?

They are a significant part of the globulin protein fraction in plasma. Signup and view all the answers

Which genes are specifically mentioned as coding for MHC class II molecules?

HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR Signup and view all the answers

What is located between the class I and class II regions in the MHC?

Class III region Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes MHC class II molecules?

They play a role in immune response and are polymorphic. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a gene coding for MHC class II molecules?

HLA-B Signup and view all the answers

What do polymorphic MHC class II molecules influence in the immune system?

The presentation of foreign antigens to helper T cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of presenting self-MHC class I and self-peptide on a cell?

To demonstrate that the cell is healthy Signup and view all the answers

When a cell displays a foreign peptide in class I, what is it signaling?

The cell is infected and needs assistance Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily engaged when a cell presents a foreign peptide in MHC class I?

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) Signup and view all the answers

What role does self-peptide play in the context of MHC class I molecules?

It helps in distinguishing between self and non-self Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of displaying self-MHC class I along with a foreign peptide?

It indicates foreign infection and activates CTLs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) that develop into thymocytes?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs in the thymus to ensure that T cells do not react strongly to self-antigens?

Self-tolerance mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of a thymocyte that successfully passes through the thymic selection process?

It is exported to the periphery Signup and view all the answers

What are superantigens known to directly influence during T-cell activation?

Non-specific activation of T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is predominantly responsible for preventing excessive T-cell activation after initial stimulation?

Clonal anergy Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Complement System

Complement components constitute approximately 15% of the globulin protein fraction in plasma.
They are proteins and glycoproteins found in both the blood plasma and cell membranes.
Complement components cooperate with both the innate and adaptive immune systems to eliminate pathogens, dying cells, and immune complexes (ICs) from the body.

MHC Class II

MHC class II molecules include HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR.
MHC class II genes are polymorphic.

MHC Class III

The Class III region is located between the Class I and Class II regions.

MHC Class I

MHC Class I molecules display self-peptides to demonstrate that the cell is healthy.
MHC Class I molecules display foreign peptides to show that the cell is infected and engage with CTL cells.

Thymocyte Development

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from the bone marrow travel to the thymus via the bloodstream.
In the thymus, HSCs undergo development to mature T cells.
Once mature, T cells are exported to the periphery.
In the periphery, T cells can undergo antigen-induced activation and differentiation into effector cells and memory cells.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the complement system and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) classes I, II, and III. This quiz covers key concepts related to immune responses, thymocyte development, and the function of various immune components. Perfect for students studying immunology or related fields.