Immunology Basics Quiz
119 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a component of the first line of defense in the immune system?

  • Natural killer cells (correct)
  • Stomach acid
  • Skin
  • Mucous membranes

    • What is a primary function of antimicrobial peptides like defensins?

  • To neutralize toxins produced by pathogens
  • To create pores in bacterial membranes (correct)
  • To directly destroy viruses in the bloodstream
  • To stimulate inflammation and fevers

    • Which cells are primarily involved in the innate immune response among the following?

  • Neutrophils (correct)
  • B Cells
  • CD8+ T cells
  • Antibodies

    • Which part of the immune system is activated if the innate response is not sufficient?

    <p>Adaptive immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following statements best describes the normal microbiome's relationship with the body?

    <p>Microbes compete with harmful pathogens and help in digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T cell is known as a Helper T cell?

    <p>CD4+ T cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the second line of defense in the immune system?

    <p>A successful pathogen invasion through the first line of defense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is specialized for combating parasitic infections?

    <p>Eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do beneficial bacteria play in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

    <p>They take up space that pathogens could occupy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the immune system differentiate between pathogens and self?

    <p>By using the normal microbiome as a model.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of prolonged antibiotic use on the microbiome?

    <p>It harms beneficial microbiota, making one more susceptible to infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a physical barrier in the first line of defense?

    <p>Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mast cell degranulation during acute inflammation?

    <p>To release histamines and cytokines that initiate the inflammatory response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about acute inflammation is true?

    <p>It can involve the infiltration of immune cells like neutrophils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the classic signs of inflammation?

    <p>Increased swelling due to fluid accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What systemic reaction occurs during inflammation that is triggered by pyrogens?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the complement system in inflammation?

    <p>To enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is NOT part of the second line of defense in immunity?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of acute phase reactants like fibrinogen?

    <p>Interleukin-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does inflammation help coordinate with adaptive immunity?

    <p>It activates the adaptive immune system for a targeted response if innate response is insufficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does bradykinin contribute to inflammation?

    <p>It increases vascular permeability and stimulates pain receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Helper T Cells (CD4)?

    <p>To activate other immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage do T cells express both CD4 and CD8 markers?

    <p>Double Positive Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of central tolerance in T and B cell development?

    <p>To prevent the immune system from attacking the body’s own tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significantly impacts T cell development during illness, such as in DiGeorge Syndrome?

    <p>A lack of thymus tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune deficiency is characterized by a lack of both B and T cell functions?

    <p>Combined Immune Deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are responsible for producing antibodies?

    <p>Plasma Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes Negative Selection in T cell development?

    <p>Cells that bind strongly to self-antigens are eliminated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Regulatory T Cells play in the immune system?

    <p>They eliminate self-reactive and non-functional cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune deficiency results primarily from trauma and chemotherapy?

    <p>Acquired Deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Memory B Cells?

    <p>To persist after an infection for faster responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does B Cell Deficiency primarily impact the immune system?

    <p>Results in decreased circulating antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the Single Positive Stage of T cell development?

    <p>T cells express CD4 or CD8 markers only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is innate immunity compared to nurses in a healthcare system?

    <p>They provide immediate care as the first line of defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune deficiency is often associated with a lack of immune response due to physical barrier failures?

    <p>Innate Immune Deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of cytotoxic T cells upon binding to an infected cell?

    <p>To induce cell death in the infected cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical aspect of immune response is highlighted by the example of AIDS?

    <p>The vulnerability of the adaptive immune response due to Helper T cell depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of regulatory T cells in the immune system?

    <p>To prevent autoimmune responses by regulating immune activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antigen-presenting cells (APCs) contribute to the adaptive immune response?

    <p>By processing pathogens and presenting antigens on MHC molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signals are necessary for B cell activation?

    <p>Activation from Helper T cells and antigen binding via BCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates TH1 cells from TH2 cells in terms of immune response?

    <p>TH1 cells promote a cell-mediated response, while TH2 cells activate the humoral response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is primarily responsible for promoting vasodilation and increasing vascular permeability during inflammation?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of plasma cells in the immune response?

    <p>To secrete antibodies specific to antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chemotactic factors in the immune response?

    <p>To signal immune cell migration to the injury site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the two-signal requirement for T and B cell activation?

    <p>Both signals ensure only appropriate immune responses occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is known for inducing fever as a potent pyrogen?

    <p>IL-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do M1 macrophages primarily play in the immune response?

    <p>Killing pathogens and promoting inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of B cell activation?

    <p>Proliferation and differentiation into plasma and memory B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do T cells mature after originating from lymphoid stem cells?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are primarily responsible for the production of antibodies?

    <p>B Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The classical pathway of the complement system is initiated by which mechanism?

    <p>Antibodies bound to pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During development, what is the significance of clonal diversity in T and B cells?

    <p>Ensures a wide-ranging response to various pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of neutrophils in the immune response?

    <p>Short-lived and form pus upon death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immune response primarily deals with extracellular pathogens?

    <p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of Helper T cells?

    <p>They provide activation signals to B and other T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kinin system in the immune response?

    <p>To promote inflammation and pain response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine acts as an anti-inflammatory and signals for the reduction of inflammation?

    <p>IL-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of healing process occurs when the injury is significant and involves scar tissue formation?

    <p>Healing by secondary intention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism through which cytotoxic T cells eliminate infected cells?

    <p>By releasing enzymes that induce apoptosis in the infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of wound healing primarily focuses on the migration of neutrophils to the injury site?

    <p>Inflammation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural Killer (NK) cells primarily target which type of cells?

    <p>Infected or cancerous cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components of the complement system are responsible for promoting vasodilation?

    <p>Anaphylatoxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of dysfunctional collagen synthesis in wound healing?

    <p>Hypertrophic scars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main type of cell involved in the proliferation phase of wound healing?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor in guiding phagocytes towards the injury site?

    <p>Chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes T Cells in the immune response?

    <p>Coordinate and execute specific immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the adaptive immune system plays a key role in recognizing and responding to specific pathogens?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the term 'clonal diversity' in the context of the adaptive immune system?

    <p>Generation of diverse B and T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do macrophages contribute to the immune response?

    <p>They can polarize into two different types based on signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory cell is crucial for a quicker immune response upon re-exposure to a pathogen?

    <p>Memory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do macrophages play in the wound healing process?

    <p>Clear debris from the injury site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor could impair wound healing by restricting the migration of inflammatory cells?

    <p>Ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes adaptive immunity from innate immunity?

    <p>Adaptive immunity targets specific pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells?

    <p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of effector cells in the adaptive immune response?

    <p>Mounting an active attack against infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do B cells mature after originating in the bone marrow?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of malnutrition on wound healing?

    <p>Reduced collagen synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)?

    <p>Creates pores in the membranes of bacteria leading to cell lysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway in the clotting system is triggered by external trauma?

    <p>Extrinsic Pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bradykinin in the kinin system?

    <p>It increases vascular permeability and stimulates pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic inflammation can result from which of the following?

    <p>High lipid and wax content in microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of chronic inflammation?

    <p>A dense infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is involved in wound healing and often repairs tissue?

    <p>Regeneration or repair of tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signals the activation of leukocytes during an inflammatory response?

    <p>Histamine release from damaged cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the initial trigger for the inflammatory response?

    <p>Injury or pathogen entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the classical pathway of the complement system serve?

    <p>It enhances the immune response through antibody binding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can chronic inflammation lead to in terms of tissue health?

    <p>Destruction of surrounding healthy tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options describes the relationship between the clotting system and immune response?

    <p>Clotting prevents pathogen entry and prepares tissue for healing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of pus formation in chronic inflammation?

    <p>Reflects a high concentration of neutrophils and prolonged immune activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to immune cells trapped in a granuloma over time?

    <p>They undergo apoptosis and decompose due to nutrient deficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary immunoglobulin involved in Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Characterized by the binding of antibodies to specific tissue antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of mast cell degranulation in Type 1 hypersensitivity?

    <p>Increased blood vessel permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is NOT characteristic of Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Delayed T cell response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ABO blood group compatibility is significant in preventing which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

    <p>Type 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a key feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Characterized by formation of immune complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly associated with Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Bronchospasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a classic example of a Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction?

    <p>Allergic contact dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions, what role do immune complexes play?

    <p>Attract inflammatory cells and complement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a mechanism involved in Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Immune complex formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of a Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction?

    <p>Mediated by cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antibodies do individuals with O blood type have?

    <p>Anti-A and anti-B antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the dimerization in Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Two IgE bind to one allergen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the formation of memory T cells in Type 4 hypersensitivity?

    <p>Direct contact with a sensitizing agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of effector B cells?

    <p>Produce antibodies specific to pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is provided by memory B cells?

    <p>Active humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antibodies facilitate the destruction of pathogens?

    <p>By neutralization and agglutination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characterizes active humoral immunity?

    <p>Immunity that develops following natural infection or vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes passive humoral immunity from active humoral immunity?

    <p>Passive immunity involves the transfer of antibodies from another source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins in T cell activation?

    <p>Display processed antigens to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for activating B cells during an immune response?

    <p>Helper T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves antibodies clumping pathogens for easier engulfment by phagocytes?

    <p>Agglutination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of vaccinations?

    <p>Train the immune system to recognize pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the production of antibodies in effector B cells?

    <p>Binding of a specific antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cell types directly destroys infected or abnormal cells?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about memory cells is true?

    <p>They enable a faster response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of active immunity?

    <p>Long-lasting due to memory formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which process are cytokines released by Helper T cells?

    <p>Immune response amplification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immune cells are activated by MHC Class II proteins?

    <p>Helper T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immune System Introduction

    • Three lines of defense: physical and biochemical barriers, innate immune response, adaptive immune response
    • First Line of Defense: Prevents pathogen entry, using skin, mucous membranes, cilia, stomach acid, and urine flow.
    • Second Line of Defense: Activated when pathogens breach barriers, involving inflammation and immune cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, and NK cells. (Monocytes and Basophils/eosinophils are less prominent in this stage).
    • Third Line of Defense (Adaptive): Activated if the innate response is insufficient. This involves lymphocytes like T cells (CD4+, CD8+) and B cells. B cells produce antibodies.

    Natural Barriers and Antimicrobial Peptides

    • Natural Barriers: Physical and chemical barriers that prevent pathogen entry (e.g. skin, mucous membranes).
    • Antimicrobial Peptides: Short proteins that create pores in bacterial membranes, disrupting bacterial function. This includes defensins and cathelicidins.

    Normal Microbiome

    • Definition: Population of bacteria in the body, primarily residing in the GI tract.
    • Colonization: Colonizes GI tract shortly after birth. Also present on skin, respiratory tract, vagina and urethra.
    • Mutualistic Relationship: Coexists with the host, benefiting both. Mutual advantage, whereby microbiota occupy space, provide enzymes, vitamins and anti-bacterial factors to keep them in check, training the adaptive immune system, and compete for resources with pathogens.
    • Alterations: Prolonged antibiotic use, dietary changes and geographical location can impact the microbiome, potentially increasing susceptibility to infections.

    Benefits to the Immune System

    • Space Occupation: Competition for resources by beneficial bacteria limiting space for pathogens.
    • Training the Immune System: Microbiome helping develop appropriate immunity, learning the difference between self and non-self.
    • Additional Functions: Produce enzymes, useful metabolites and anti-bacterial factors.

    Acute Inflammation

    • Key Events: Mast cell degranulation, plasma system activation (complement, clotting, kinin), release of cellular products leading to vasodilation, increased permeability, and cellular infiltration.
    • Vascular Changes: Normal blood vessels have tight junctions but become more permeable during inflammation.
    • Benefits of Inflammation: Prevents further damage, contains response, coordinates with adaptive immunity, and prepares for healing.
    • Cardinal Signs: Redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function (Rubor, Tumor, Calor, Dolor, Functio Laesa).
    • Systemic Manifestations: Fever (increased body temperature), leukocytosis (increased white blood cells), and plasma protein synthesis. Acute phase reactants e.g., fibrinogen & complement proteins are also synthesized.

    Chemical and Cellular Mediators of Inflammation

    • Mast Cells: Release histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and platelet activating factor. These promote vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and attract other immune cells.
    • Cytokines: Small signaling molecules facilitating communication between cells, promoting or suppressing inflammation (pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory) e.g., TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8; IL-10, TGF-beta.
    • Cells: Neutrophils (first responders), macrophages (versatile long-lived cells, M1 and M2 types) and NK cells (kill infected/cancerous cells).
    • Phagocytosis: Neutrophils & macrophages engulf and digest pathogens and cellular debris - key steps include adhesion/margination, chemotaxis, engulfment, and digestion. Phagocytosis is a crucial part of the innate immune response.
    • Complement System: Enhance immune response by labeling pathogens for destruction or directly damaging them, (classical, alternative, and lectin pathways).
    • Plasma Protein Systems: (Complement, Clotting, Kinin) Important roles in marking pathogens, clotting, and regulating local inflammation.

    Chronic Inflammation

    • Definition: Prolonged inflammatory response (> 2 weeks) that may result from insufficient initial response or an ongoing threat.
    • Causes: Inherent qualities of the pathogen (e.g., high lipid content resisting removal), certain pathogens persisting inside macrophages, or ongoing chemical or physical irritation.
    • Characteristics: Dense infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages, tissue damage.
    • Granulomas: Form when pathogens are difficult to eliminate, leading to capsule formation that can potentially harm tissues.

    Wound Healing

    • Overview: Process of restoring tissue to its original state – two mechanisms.
    • Regeneration: Replacing injured tissue for complete restoration of function (first intention).
    • Repair: Filling gaps with scar tissue (composed of fibroblasts and collagen) when regeneration is not possible (second intention).
    • Phases: Inflammation, Proliferation, and Remodeling/Maturation
    • Dysfunctional Healing: Factors like poor blood supply, infection, malnutrition, and immunosuppressive drugs can impair the process and contribute to abnormal scarring (including keloid scarring)

    Adaptive Immunity Introduction

    • Overview: Targets specific pathogens when innate response is insufficient. Different from innate, this response develops long-term memory.
    • Key Components: Lymphoid stem cells (giving rise to T and B cells). T cells mature in the thymus, while B cells mature in the bone marrow.
    • Clonal Diversity: Creation of diverse B and T cells capable of binding many different pathogens.
    • Clonal Selection: When a pathogen is encountered, specific B or T cells are selected, proliferating and differentiating into effector and memory cells.
    • Clonal Expansion: Rapidly produce identical (clonal) cells (army), enabling effective response to the pathogen.
    • Cell Residency: B and T cells that mature reside in lymph nodes & spleen

    Adaptive Immunity Crash Course Pt. 2

    • Active/Passive Immunity:
    • Active Humoral Immunity: Body encounters pathogen and develops immunity via memory cells (Natural or Vaccination).
    • Passive Humoral Immunity: (Temporary) Receives antibodies from another source (Mother to fetus, Serum treatment).
    • Immunocompetence/Self-Tolerance: B cells are competent enough to recognize and bind specific antigens and avoid attacking itself.

    B Cells and Antigen Recognition

    • Antigens: Foreign invaders initiating immune response (bacteria/viruses).
    • B Cell Development: Originate and mature in bone marrow; gain immunocompetence, ability to recognize & bind specific antigens, and self-tolerance to avoid attacking the body's own tissues.

    Antibody function

    • Mechanisms of Action: Neutralization (blocks pathogen binding), Agglutination (clumping for phagocytosis), Complement activation (enhances immune response)

    Lymphocyte Development (Intro)

    • Two Main Types of Lymphocytes:
    • B Cells: Produce antibodies.
    • T Cells: Coordinate immune response and kill infected cells.
    • Lymphoid Stem Cell Origin: Originate in bone marrow developing into T cells (maturating in the thymus) and B cells (maturating in bone marrow).
    • Key Processes in Development:
    • Clonal Diversity: Wide receptor variety to match various pathogens
    • Clonal Selection: Activate specific cells matching pathogens
    • Differences of T and B Cell development: T cells mature in the thymus, while B cells develop in the bone marrow.
    • Tolerance Mechanisms (both central and peripheral): Elimination of self-reactive cells preventing autoimmunity.

    T Cell Development

    • Takes place in the thymus:
    • Double Negative Stage: lacks CD4 and CD8
    • Double Positive Stage: expresses both CD4 and CD8
    • Positive Selection: Responds to self-MHC
    • Negative Selection: Eliminates cells recognizing self-antigens strongly
    • Single Positive Stage: expresses either CD4 or CD8
    • Differentiation: Become Helper T cells (CD4) or Cytotoxic T cells (CD8).

    B Cell Development

    • Maturation in the bone marrow:
    • Develops B cell receptors (BCRs): These are the same as antibodies (but not exposed).
    • Immunocompetence/self tolerance: Ability to bind specific antigens, and to avoid binding to itself (similar to T cells)

    Immune Deficiencies

    • Overview: Severe alterations in functioning of the immune system.
    • Congenital: Present at birth, due to genetic issues.
    • Acquired: Develop later in life, e.g. trauma, chemotherapy, infections.
    • Types of Cells Affected: B cell deficiences lead to reduced circulating antibodies; T cell deficiencies compromise adaptive immunity (cellular and humoral).
    • Severity: Innate deficiency is the most critical, followed by combined, T-cell deficiencies; B-cell deficiences.

    Hypersensitivities (Sections)

    • Hypersensitivity Reactions: An overreaction by the immune system to harmless or beneficial substances.
    • Type 1 (IgE-mediated): Allergic reactions; allergen exposure primes mast cells with IgE, triggering degranulation upon re-exposure; releasing histamine. Examples: itching, redness, rhinitis, severe reactions (anaphylaxis)
    • Type 2 (Tissue-specific): Antibodies bind to specific cell surface antigens. (Hemolytic, Thrombocytopenic Purpura, Myasthenia Gravis) Result in cell lysis/damage. Important Example: Blood type compatibility (ABO).
    • Type 3 (Immune complex-mediated): Immune complexes (antibodies + antigens) deposit in tissues. Example: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
    • Type 4 (Cell-mediated): Cytotoxic T cells and macrophages cause delayed response (e.g. contact dermatitis). Example: poison ivy reaction or Graft vs host disease.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the components and functions of the immune system with this quiz. From the first line of defense to T cells, explore the key elements of innate and adaptive immunity. Perfect for students studying immunology or biology.

    More Like This

    Cells of the Immune System and Immunity
    20 questions

    Cells of the Immune System and Immunity

    UnwaveringVibraphone avatar
    UnwaveringVibraphone
    WBCs: Lymphocytes
    44 questions

    WBCs: Lymphocytes

    ExcellentDeciduousForest avatar
    ExcellentDeciduousForest
    Myeloid Lineage Cells in Innate Immunity
    40 questions

    Myeloid Lineage Cells in Innate Immunity

    CommendableSard7063 avatar
    CommendableSard7063
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser