Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following autoimmune diseases is associated with anti-myelin basic protein antibodies?
Which of the following autoimmune diseases is associated with anti-myelin basic protein antibodies?
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Graves' disease
- Type I diabetes
- Multiple sclerosis (correct)
What is an example of IgG-mediated pathology?
What is an example of IgG-mediated pathology?
- Myasthenia gravis (correct)
- Type I diabetes
- Autoimmune vasculitis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
Which of the following is NOT an example of autoimmune disease?
Which of the following is NOT an example of autoimmune disease?
- SLE
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Type I diabetes
- Neutrophilic vasculitis (correct)
What is a proof of autoimmunity?
What is a proof of autoimmunity?
Which of the following autoimmune diseases is characterized by anti-islet cell antibodies and antibodies to insulin, GAD65, IA-2, and ZnT8?
Which of the following autoimmune diseases is characterized by anti-islet cell antibodies and antibodies to insulin, GAD65, IA-2, and ZnT8?
What is an example of clinical responsiveness to immune suppression?
What is an example of clinical responsiveness to immune suppression?
What is the term for the immune response to a harmless molecule that leads to tissue damage and even death?
What is the term for the immune response to a harmless molecule that leads to tissue damage and even death?
Which type of immunoglobulin is responsible for mediating immediate hypersensitivity responses?
Which type of immunoglobulin is responsible for mediating immediate hypersensitivity responses?
What is the term for the inherited tendency to make immediate hypersensitivity responses?
What is the term for the inherited tendency to make immediate hypersensitivity responses?
What is the result of mast cell degranulation and histamine release in the skin?
What is the result of mast cell degranulation and histamine release in the skin?
Which type of immune response is involved in immediate hypersensitivity responses?
Which type of immune response is involved in immediate hypersensitivity responses?
What is the term for a harmless molecule that initiates an immune response in some people?
What is the term for a harmless molecule that initiates an immune response in some people?
What is the role of maternal IgG in the first weeks of life?
What is the role of maternal IgG in the first weeks of life?
What is the mechanism of antibody-mediated pathology in Myasthenia Gravis?
What is the mechanism of antibody-mediated pathology in Myasthenia Gravis?
What is the evidence that supports the role of antibody in causing pathology in Grave's Disease?
What is the evidence that supports the role of antibody in causing pathology in Grave's Disease?
What is the characteristic of Type 1 diabetes?
What is the characteristic of Type 1 diabetes?
What is the type of immune response involved in Myasthenia Gravis?
What is the type of immune response involved in Myasthenia Gravis?
What is the effect of immunosuppression therapy on T cell mediated autoimmune disease?
What is the effect of immunosuppression therapy on T cell mediated autoimmune disease?
What is the role of CD8 T cells in Type 1 diabetes?
What is the role of CD8 T cells in Type 1 diabetes?
What is the name of the therapy that is used to treat HIV infection and has been highly effective in reducing the number of CD4 cells in the blood?
What is the name of the therapy that is used to treat HIV infection and has been highly effective in reducing the number of CD4 cells in the blood?
What is the treatment approach used in Type 1 diabetes?
What is the treatment approach used in Type 1 diabetes?
Which of the following immune cells is associated with allergies and has a high concentration in blood?
Which of the following immune cells is associated with allergies and has a high concentration in blood?
What is the name of the disease that results from HIV infection and is characterized by a weakened immune system?
What is the name of the disease that results from HIV infection and is characterized by a weakened immune system?
Which of the following is an example of an iatrogenic immune deficiency?
Which of the following is an example of an iatrogenic immune deficiency?
What is the number of people living with HIV globally at the end of 2014?
What is the number of people living with HIV globally at the end of 2014?
Which of the following immune cells is responsible for producing antibodies?
Which of the following immune cells is responsible for producing antibodies?
What is the role of IL-17 in fungal infections?
What is the role of IL-17 in fungal infections?
What is the main mechanism of cancer development in the context of immune surveillance?
What is the main mechanism of cancer development in the context of immune surveillance?
What is the effect of blocking the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1?
What is the effect of blocking the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1?
What is the underlying mechanism of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD)?
What is the underlying mechanism of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD)?
Which of the following is an example of a disease caused by failure of immune surveillance?
Which of the following is an example of a disease caused by failure of immune surveillance?
What is the role of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD)?
What is the role of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD)?
Study Notes
Immune System
- The immune system protects us from microbes, viruses, parasites, and cancer.
Innate Immunity
- Epithelial barriers, phagocytes, and NK cells provide immediate defense against infection.
Adaptive Immunity
- B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes provide specific immunity against pathogens.
Hypersensitivity
- Immune response to harmless molecules, leading to tissue damage and even death.
- Immediate hypersensitivity is an allergy, mediated by IgE, mast cells, and Th2 responses.
- Atopy is an inherited tendency to make immediate hypersensitivity responses.
- 30-50% of the population suffer from atopy.
Autoimmunity
- Immune response against self-antigens, leading to tissue damage and disease.
- Examples: rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes, Graves' disease, and myasthenia gravis.
- Proof of autoimmunity: passive transfer of disease by immune effectors (e.g., T cells, antibodies) and clinical responsiveness to immune suppression or re-establishment of tolerance.
Immunodeficiency
- Primary immunodeficiency diseases: innate defects in the immune system.
- Secondary immunodeficiency diseases: acquired defects, e.g., HIV infection.
- Iatrogenic immune deficiency: immune-based therapies can cause secondary immune abnormalities.
Cancer
- Failure of immune surveillance, allowing tumor growth and progression.
- Cancer cells can evade the immune system by expressing PD-L1, which interacts with PD-1 on T cells.
- Blocking this interaction with antibodies can enhance anti-tumor immunity.
Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease (PTLD)
- In healthy individuals, B cells may be infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is normally controlled by cytotoxic T cells.
- In transplant patients, suppressed T cells can lead to malignant transformation of infected B cells, forming a B cell lymphoma.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of immunology, including innate and adaptive immunity, types of immune cells, and their functions.
