Immunology B Cell Activation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of antigens can activate B cells independently of THelper cell function?

  • Thymus-dependent antigens
  • Thymus-independent antigens (correct)
  • T-cell dependent antigens
  • Antigen presenting cells

    • What is the main function of TI-1 antigens?

  • Stimulate antibody affinity maturation
  • Induce clonal expansion of T cells
  • Cause polyclonal activation of B cells (correct)
  • Activate only mature B cells

    • What is the role of the B cell co-receptor complex?

  • Present antigens to T cells
  • Produce cytokines for T cell activation
  • Directly process antigens for MHC presentation
  • Enhance receptor signaling and activation (correct)

    • Which antigen class consists of highly repetitive structures that activate B cells by cross-linking BCRs?

    <p>TI-2 antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily produced by B cells activated through thymus-independent antigens?

    <p>Low-affinity IgM antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key role does CD21 play in B cell activation?

    <p>Facilitates binding of BCR to pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of B cells predominantly responds to thymus-independent antigens?

    <p>Marginal zone B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of CD40 activation on B cells?

    <p>Promotes B cell survival through NFκB activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cytokines is NOT mentioned as a signal provided by TFH cells to activate B cells?

    <p>IL-10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do macrophages in the subcapsular sinus (SCS) of lymph nodes play?

    <p>They express complement receptors to capture antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells do centroblasts differentiate into within the germinal centre?

    <p>Centrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are primary foci of activated B cells primarily located?

    <p>In the medullary cords of the lymph node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes plasma cells in terms of their lifespan and function?

    <p>Long-lived and migrate to bone marrow for continued antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of TFH cells in the formation of germinal centres?

    <p>They participate with B cells to sustain and enhance B cell proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What migratory change occurs in activated B cells after receiving T cell help?

    <p>They downregulate CCR7 and move away from the T cell zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining structural component of a germinal centre?

    <p>A mantle zone, light zone, and dark zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antigens activate B cells through polyclonal activation without requiring THelper cell function?

    <p>Thymus-independent antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is involved in the activation of B cells by TI-2 antigens?

    <p>Cross-linking of B cell receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of TI-1 antigens in relation to B cell activation?

    <p>They cause proliferation of both immature and mature B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of CD19 in B cell activation?

    <p>It amplifies the signal after BCR phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the response of B cells to TI antigens?

    <p>They produce predominantly low-affinity IgM antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of B cells predominantly respond to thymus-independent antigens?

    <p>Marginal zone B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To what does the term 'thymus-dependent antigens' refer?

    <p>Proteins that require THelper cell interaction for B cell activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following signals is crucial for B cell differentiation into plasma cells?

    <p>Second signal from THelper cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does IL-21 play in the activation of B cells?

    <p>Promotes B cell proliferation and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about linked recognition is true?

    <p>It necessitates the physical association of the peptide recognized by T cells with the antigen recognized by BCR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the primary foci of activated B cells develop?

    <p>In the medullary cord of the lymph node and red pulp of the spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centrocytes in the germinal centre?

    <p>To reduce their rate of division and reenter the light zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes secondary lymphoid follicles from primary lymphoid follicles?

    <p>Existence of germinal centres and their supportive structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do follicular dendritic cells (FDC) play in the immune response?

    <p>They express complement receptors and trap immune complexes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when activated B cells downregulate CCR7?

    <p>They initiate plasmablast formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of plasma cells after differentiation?

    <p>They migrate to the bone marrow to produce antibodies continuously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine signaling is associated with regulating antibody class-switching?

    <p>IL-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is crucial for the retention of centroblasts in the dark zone of the germinal centre?

    <p>CXCR4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antigens that require THelper cell function to induce B cell activation are called ______ antigens.

    <p>thymus-dependent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antigens that activate B cells without THelper cell involvement are referred to as ______ antigens.

    <p>thymus-independent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TI-1 antigens activate B cells via the ______ receptors.

    <p>TLR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The B cell co-receptor complex includes CD19, CD21, and ______.

    <p>CD81</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Responses to TI antigens are primarily made by the non-recirculating ______ B cells.

    <p>marginal zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    B cells activated through thymus-independent antigens produce low affinity antibodies of the ______ class.

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Binding of CD21 to C3b-opsonized pathogens aids in the binding of the ______ to the same pathogen.

    <p>BCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TI-2 antigens activate B cells by cross-linking a critical number of ______.

    <p>BCRs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TFH cells provide several signals that activate B cells and promote their differentiation, including activation of CD40 to induce ______ activation.

    <p>NFκB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Naïve B cells express ______ and localize to the follicles while its ligand is produced by FDCs.

    <p>CXCR5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activated B cells that receive T cell help will downregulate CCR7 and migrate away from the ______ with the T cell zone.

    <p>boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process through which T cells recognize the same antigen as the B cells is called ______ recognition.

    <p>linked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Primary foci of activated B cells are located within the medullary ______ in the lymph node.

    <p>cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After activation, some B cells can form germinal centres which are sites for sustained B cell ______ and differentiation.

    <p>proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Centroblasts in the germinal centre express CXCR4 and CXCR5 and are retained in the dark zone by the chemokine ______.

    <p>CXCL12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activated B cells in germinal centres differentiate into long-lived ______ cells, which produce antibodies.

    <p>plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ zone of a germinal centre consists of resting B cells pushed to the periphery by activated cells in the centre.

    <p>mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytokines like IL-21 signaling promote B cell ______ and differentiation into plasma cells.

    <p>proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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