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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of the blood bank department?
What is the term for the process by which an individual's immune system reacts to a previously encountered antigen?
What is the purpose of adding preservatives to urine specimens?
What is the name of the system that categorizes blood into four groups based on the presence or absence of specific antigens?
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What is the term for the study of kidneys and their diseases?
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What is the term for an organism that can cause disease in a healthy individual?
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What is the term for the study of the immune system and its disorders?
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What is the formed element of blood responsible for carrying oxygen?
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What is the term for the process by which phagocytic cells engulf and digest foreign particles and bacteria?
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What is the term for the process by which an individual's immune system defends against infectious organisms?
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What is the term for the amount of solute dissolved in a solution?
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What is the term for the combination of antibodies and antigens that form a lattice-like structure?
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What is the term for the amount of antibody present in an individual's serum?
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What is the term for the yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of hemoglobin?
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What is the term for the abnormal presence of glucose in the urine?
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What is the term for the process of separating blood into its component parts, such as plasma and red blood cells?
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Study Notes
Immunology
- Antigen: a substance that triggers an immune response
- Antibody: a protein produced in response to an antigen, helps to neutralize or remove the antigen from the body
- RhIG: Rho(D) immune globulin, a medication used to prevent hemolytic disease in newborns
- RPR: rapid plasma reagin, a test used to diagnose syphilis
- Agglutination: the clumping of particles or cells in response to the presence of an antibody
- Monoclonal: an antibody produced by a single clone of cells
- Polyclonal: an antibody produced by multiple clones of cells
- Plasma cell: a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies
- Immunosuppression: a state in which the immune system is unable to respond to infections or diseases
- Macrophage: a type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests foreign particles and bacteria
Blood and Hematology
- Buffy coat: the layer of white blood cells in a blood sample
- Hematocrit: the proportion of red blood cells in the blood
- Hemoglobin: a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
- Phagocyte: a cell that engulfs and digests foreign particles and bacteria
- Anemia: a condition in which the blood lacks enough red blood cells or hemoglobin
- CBC: complete blood count, a test that measures various components of the blood
- RBC: red blood cell
- WBC: white blood cell
- PLT: platelet
- Granulocyte: a type of white blood cell
- Hemacytometer: a device used to count blood cells
- –penia: a suffix meaning a deficiency of a particular cell type
- –cytosis: a suffix meaning an increase in a particular cell type
- Leukemia: a type of cancer that affects white blood cells
- Purpura: a condition characterized by purple patches on the skin
- DIFF: differential count, a test that identifies the different types of white blood cells in the blood
Urinalysis
- Clean-catch: a method of urine collection that minimizes contamination
- Urine preservation: methods used to preserve urine samples for testing, such as refrigeration or addition of preservatives
- Cast: a cylindrical structure formed from proteins and cells in the urine
- Crystal: a solid formed from salts in the urine
- Analyte: a substance being measured or tested
- CHD: coronary heart disease, a condition that affects the heart
- Electrolytes: substances such as sodium, potassium, and chloride that help regulate various bodily functions
- Troponin: a protein that is elevated in the blood in response to heart damage
Microbiology
- Microbiology: the study of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi
- Normal flora: microorganisms that normally live on or inside the body without causing disease
- Pathogens: microorganisms that cause disease
- Opportunistic pathogens: microorganisms that cause disease in people with weakened immune systems
- Infection: the entry and multiplication of microorganisms in the body
- Colony: a group of microorganisms growing together
- Bacillus: a rod-shaped bacterium
- Coccus: a spherical bacterium
- Culture: a method of growing microorganisms in a laboratory
- Gram positive/negative: a method of distinguishing between different types of bacteria based on their cell walls
- Parasite: an organism that lives on or inside another organism (the host) and causes harm
- Virus: a small infectious agent that replicates inside the cells of a host organism
- Fungus: a type of organism that obtains its nutrients by decomposing organic matter or by forming symbiotic relationships with other organisms
Immunoglobulins and Immunity
- Immunoglobulin: a protein produced by the immune system in response to an antigen
- Agglutination: the clumping of particles or cells in response to the presence of an antibody
- Precipitation: the formation of a solid from a solution, often in response to the presence of an antibody
- Enzyme immunoassays: tests that use enzymes to detect the presence of an antibody
- Radioimmunoassays: tests that use radioisotopes to detect the presence of an antibody
- Allergy: an overreaction of the immune system to a harmless substance
- Anamnestic response: a rapid and strong immune response to an antigen due to previous exposure
- Autoimmune disease: a condition in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues
- Immunocompromised: a state in which the immune system is weakened or suppressed
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Description
This quiz covers various concepts in immunology and microbiology, including types of antibodies, immune responses, and microorganisms. Test your knowledge of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms, as well as the immune system's responses to them.
