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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of public health interventions that focus on the host?
What is the primary purpose of public health interventions that focus on the host?
What is the role of protective barriers worn by the host in preventing disease transmission?
What is the role of protective barriers worn by the host in preventing disease transmission?
What is the primary purpose of public health interventions that focus on the agent?
What is the primary purpose of public health interventions that focus on the agent?
What is a vector in the context of communicable diseases?
What is a vector in the context of communicable diseases?
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Which of the following is an example of a disease vector?
Which of the following is an example of a disease vector?
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What is the primary way that disease vectors, such as mosquitoes, transmit pathogens to hosts?
What is the primary way that disease vectors, such as mosquitoes, transmit pathogens to hosts?
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How do vaccines work to prevent infectious diseases?
How do vaccines work to prevent infectious diseases?
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What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity?
What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity?
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What is the role of memory cells in providing long-term protection against infectious diseases?
What is the role of memory cells in providing long-term protection against infectious diseases?
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Which of the following is a primary advantage of vaccines compared to natural infection in providing immunity?
Which of the following is a primary advantage of vaccines compared to natural infection in providing immunity?
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Study Notes
Immunization Overview
- Immunization creates immunity or resistance to infectious diseases through vaccines.
- Vaccines activate the body's immune system for protection against future infections or diseases.
Principles of Vaccination
- Introduces antigens from disease-causing organisms to stimulate protective immunity without causing disease.
- Types of immunity from vaccines:
- Active immunity: Body's immune response develops after exposure to an antigen.
- Passive immunity: Short-term immunity provided by external sources.
Types of Vaccines
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Live Attenuated Vaccines:
- Derived from pathogens that are weakened in a lab setting.
- Examples: Measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, rotavirus, and intranasal influenza vaccines.
- Oral polio vaccine is also a live viral vaccine.
- Live vaccines may cause mild adverse reactions but do not cause severe disease.
-
Inactivated Vaccines:
- Produced by growing pathogens then inactivating them with heat or chemicals (e.g., formalin).
- Cannot replicate or cause disease even in immunocompromised individuals.
- Require multiple doses; first dose usually primes the immune system, with protective response developing after subsequent doses.
- Examples: Inactivated whole viruses (polio, hepatitis A, rabies) and whole inactivated bacterial vaccines (pertussis, typhoid, cholera, plague).
Fractional Vaccines
- Includes:
- Subunit vaccines: Composed of purified components of the pathogen (e.g., hepatitis B, influenza, acellular pertussis, human papillomavirus, anthrax).
- Toxoids: Inactivated toxins from bacteria (e.g., diphtheria, tetanus).
Summary of Key Points
- Vaccines are essential for controlling and preventing communicable diseases by enhancing immunity.
- Understanding the types of vaccines aids in effective vaccination strategies and public health planning.
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Description
Test your knowledge on immunization, vaccines, and the principles behind developing protective immunity. Explore how vaccines stimulate the body's immune system to protect against infectious diseases.
