Immunity System Lecture Content

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of NK cells in the immune system?

To assist B cells in antibody production

To phagocytize and kill microbes

To directly kill infected and tumor cells (correct)

To capture and display foreign antigens

Which cells are primarily responsible for antibody production?

Macrophages

Dendritic cells

B lymphocytes (correct)

Neutrophils

Which components constitute the principal factor of the complement system?

C1-C8, E, F

C1-C10, B, C

C1-C9, A, D

C1-C9, B, D (correct)

What is the main role of dendritic cells in the immune system?

Antigen capture and display Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following immune cells is associated with tissue repair?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What best describes innate immunity?

It provides immediate and non-specific defense. Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the innate immune system?

B cells Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'adaptive immunity' refer to?

Immunity that develops following exposure to pathogens. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the immune response?

A coordinated reaction of the immune system to infections. Signup and view all the answers

What consequence occurs due to abnormalities in the immune system?

Higher susceptibility to infections. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is caused by an excessive immune response?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

What role do phagocytic leukocytes play in innate immunity?

They directly attack and engulf pathogens. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the properties of both innate and adaptive immunity?

Both play crucial roles in the immune response. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes adaptive immunity compared to innate immunity?

It is highly specific. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is primarily responsible for humoral immunity?

B lymphocytes and their antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of T lymphocytes in adaptive immunity?

Directly killing infected cells or activating other immune responses Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune response is primarily associated with the presence of extracellular microbes?

Humoral immunity Signup and view all the answers

Where do all immune cells initially develop before circulating in the body?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What role do neutrophils and monocytes play in the immune system?

Act as major phagocytes to engulf pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about inflammation is true?

It can involve components from both innate and adaptive immunity. Signup and view all the answers

How do white blood cells respond to pathogens that have entered the body?

They begin their attack through phagocytosis and other mechanisms. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immune System Overview

The immune system protects the body from pathogens, abnormal cells, and foreign particles.
Immunity is the state of being resistant to infection, aided by a coordinated immune response.

Immunity Types

Innate Immunity: Present at birth; immediate, non-specific defense mechanism.
Adaptive Immunity: Acquired through exposure to pathogens; slower, highly specific response.

Innate Immunity Components

Epithelial Barriers: Skin and mucosal linings preventing pathogen entry.
Phagocytic Leukocytes: Neutrophils and macrophages ingest and destroy microbes.
Natural Killer (NK) Cells: Specialized lymphocytes targeting and killing infected or abnormal cells.
Complement System: A group of plasma proteins that enhance the effectiveness of antibodies and inflammatory responses.

Adaptive Immunity Components

Lymphocytes: Key cells in adaptive immunity; include B and T cells.
Humoral Immunity: Mediated by B lymphocytes which produce antibodies for extracellular pathogens.
Cell-Mediated Immunity: Involves T lymphocytes responding to intracellular pathogens through direct killing or activation of other immune cells.

Immune Response Characteristics

Inflammation involves both innate and adaptive immunity mechanisms to eliminate pathogens and dead cells.
Cells migrate quickly from blood to sites of infection, showing the dynamic nature of the immune response.

Immune System Development

Immune cells develop from precursors in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood.
They reside in lymphoid organs (e.g., lymph nodes, spleen) and migrate to tissues as needed.

Key Cell Types and Functions

White Blood Cells (WBCs): Major defenders against infections including:
- Neutrophils: First responders that perform phagocytosis.
- Monocytes: Develop into macrophages which capture and present antigens.
Dendritic Cells: Act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that activate T cells.
T Lymphocytes: Include CD4+ helper T cells aiding B cells and macrophages, and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells targeting infected cells.
B Lymphocytes: Responsible for antibody production.

Complement System

Comprises approximately 20 proteins that work with antibodies to enhance immune responses.
Components include proteins designated C1-C9, B, and D, usually inactive until activated during an immune response.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of the immune system in this quiz, including definitions and the distinctions between innate and adaptive immunity. Learn about the various cells and tissues that play critical roles in protecting the body against infections and foreign threats.