Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of humeral immunity?
What type of immunity is most effective in removing virus-infected cells?
What is produced by B cells in humeral immunity?
What is the main difference between humeral and cellular immunity?
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Which type of pathogens does cellular immunity target?
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What is another important function of cellular immunity?
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What is immunity?
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What is the main function of the immune system?
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What is non-specific immunity?
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What is the function of sebaceous glands in the dermis?
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What is the function of lysozymes in saliva?
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What is the function of gut flora?
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What is the second line of defense if microorganisms penetrate non-specific defense systems?
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What is specific immunity?
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Study Notes
Immunity
- Immunity is the body's defense against infectious organisms and other invaders through the immune response
- The immune system is composed of special cells, proteins, tissues, and organs that defend against invaders and maintain health
Types of Immunity
- Non-specific (Innate) Immunity: acts against all invaders and is not specific to a certain group of micro-organisms
- Specific (Acquired) Immunity: develops during lifetime as a result of exposure to antigens and involves production of antibodies and specialized lymphocytes against specific antigens
Non-specific Immunity
- Skin is the first barrier and mechanism of non-specific defense
- Epithelial surfaces form a physical barrier that is impermeable to most infectious agents
- Sebaceous glands in the dermis provide an environment unsuitable for microbe survival
- Sweat glands secrete sweat that washes off infections and has a high salt content that dries microorganisms
- Flushing action of tears and saliva helps prevent infection of the eyes and mouth
- Saliva contains anti-bacterial properties due to lysozymes
- Movement due to peristalsis or cilia in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract helps remove infectious agents
- Gut flora can prevent pathogenic bacteria colonization by secreting toxic substances
Specific Immune Response
- Found in two types: Naturally Acquired Immunity and Artificially Acquired Immunity
- Two mechanisms of adaptive immunity:
- Humeral Immunity: involves cellular macromolecules in body fluids, targeting extracellular pathogens like bacteria
- Cellular Immunity: involves activation of phagocytes, T-lymphocytes, and release of cytokines, targeting microbes that survive inside cells, such as viruses, fungi, protozoans, cancers, and intracellular bacteria, and plays a role in transplant rejection
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Description
This lecture explains the concept of immunity, the body's defense against infectious organisms, and the immune response. It covers the two types of immunity: non-specific and specific.