Immune System: Secondary Immune Sites
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Questions and Answers

What is one advantage of the innate immune system?

  • It can act quickly as the first line of defense. (correct)
  • It produces antibodies upon first exposure.
  • It has a memory that improves responses to repeated infections.
  • It recognizes specific pathogens.

    • What is a key feature of the adaptive immune system?

  • It is responsible for the initial inflammatory response.
  • It lacks specialized receptors for antigens.
  • It responds immediately to all pathogens.
  • It improves its response time with repeated exposure. (correct)

    • Which type of immune cells are classified as granulocytes?

  • Cells that primarily respond to DNA fragments.
  • Cells that have a memory response.
  • Cells filled with granules containing toxins. (correct)
  • Cells that produce antibodies.

    • How does the innate immune system differ from the adaptive immune system?

    <p>It does not have memory and cannot improve its response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Toll-like receptors play in the immune system?

    <p>They help recognize bacterial components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the function of the spleen?

    <p>It cleans blood of debris, especially dead cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of lymph nodes in the immune system?

    <p>They serve as collection points for lymphatic fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is involved in checking food for pathogens?

    <p>Tonsils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Peyer's patches primarily contain?

    <p>Clusters of immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates the innate immune system from the acquired immune system?

    <p>Innate immunity is based on innate recognition of PAMPS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about lymph is correct?

    <p>Lymph is a clear liquid derived from blood without red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in the body do adenoids function primarily?

    <p>In the respiratory tract for air monitoring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do PAMPS stand for in the context of the immune response?

    <p>Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neutrophilic granulocytes?

    <p>To undergo phagocytosis and engulf bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white blood cell is responsible for secreting histamine?

    <p>Basophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do eosinophils specifically play in the immune system?

    <p>They are responsible for killing large parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during anaphylactic shock regarding histamine release?

    <p>Too much histamine is released, leading to a drop in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which white blood cell is most common in the human body?

    <p>Neutrophilic granulocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major function does the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) serve in the immune system?

    <p>To present antigens to immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers vasodilation in the vascular system during an immune response?

    <p>Histamine secreted by basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism do neutrophilic granulocytes primarily use to destroy pathogens?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune system component is responsible for binding tightly to antigens?

    <p>Adaptive immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do innate immune cells have that allows them to respond rapidly?

    <p>Specialized receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the function of granulocytes in the immune system?

    <p>They store poison to combat pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the adaptive immune system compared to the innate immune system?

    <p>It recognizes specific antigens to mount a response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the spleen have in the immune system?

    <p>Cleans blood of debris, particularly dead red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lymph nodes?

    <p>Filter lymph and collect immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the tonsils contribute to immune function?

    <p>They check food for pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Peyer's patches primarily consist of?

    <p>Clusters of immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the immune system is present at birth and provides a rapid response?

    <p>Innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) help the immune system to recognize?

    <p>Pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is true of lymph?

    <p>Is derived from blood but has no red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is involved in checking air for pathogens?

    <p>Adenoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action performed by neutrophilic granulocytes?

    <p>Phagocytosis of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is responsible for secreting histamine during an immune response?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of eosinophils in the immune system?

    <p>Releasing chemicals to kill large parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur during anaphylactic shock concerning histamine?

    <p>Severe allergic reaction from excessive histamine release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)?

    <p>Presenting antigens to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of histamine secretion by basophils?

    <p>Increased blood flow and vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood pressure during an anaphylactic shock?

    <p>It drops sharply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism through which neutrophils destroy pathogens?

    <p>Engulfing and digesting through phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Secondary Immune Sites

    • Immune system has primary and secondary sites
    • Secondary sites include the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids, and Peyer's patches
    • These sites encounter pathogens and activate upon pathogen binding

    Spleen

    • Cleans blood of debris, like dead cells, particularly red blood cells

    Lymph Nodes

    • Collection points for immune cells
    • Connected by lymph vessels (similar to veins with valves)
    • Lymph is clear liquid derived from blood, but without red blood cells

    Other Secondary Immune Sites

    • Tonsils (mouth) - check food for pathogens
    • Adenoids (nose) - check air for pathogens
    • Peyer's patches (gut) - clusters of immune cells in the gut

    Immune System Branches

    • Two main branches based on function: innate and adaptive
    • Innate: born with, acts fast; recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
      • PAMPs include parts of bacterial cells (walls, tails, DNA, proteins)
      • Innate immune cells have specialized receptors (toll-like receptors) for PAMPs
      • Advantage: Ready to go; first line of defense
      • Disadvantage: Doesn't remember
    • Adaptive: acquired, acts more slowly; recognizes small protein pieces (antigens) 8-10 amino acids, mounts a response
      • Cells bind tightly to antigens, improve binding over time

    Cells of the Immune System (First Group)

    • Granulocytes: granule-filled cells (granules may contain poison and messages for other immune cells)
    • Neutrophils: most common granulocytes, phagocytic, wrap around and destroy other cells

    Cells of the Immune System (Other Granulocytes)

    • Eosinophils: secrete chemicals to kill parasites too large for phagocytosis
    • Basophils: secrete histamine which causes vasodilation and brings more blood/immune cells to the area
      • High levels of histamine can cause anaphylactic shock
      • Epinephrine/adrenaline vasoconstricts to counteract the effects of histamine

    Immune Cell Function (Example - Phagocytosis)

    • A piece of bacteria is shown to immune cells
    • MHC (major histocompatibility complex)
    • Immune cells destroy the bacteria

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    Related Documents

    NPB 010 Lecture 20 PDF

    Description

    Explore the vital secondary immune sites in the human body, including the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids, and Peyer's patches. This quiz will test your understanding of how these sites function in the immune response and their roles in pathogen detection and activation.

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