Immune System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step of phagocytosis according to the sequence?

Formation of phagosome

Digestion and destruction

Ingestion of microbe by phagocyte

Chemotaxis and Adherence (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a stage of inflammation?

Formation of antibodies (correct)

Radiation response

Increased vascular permeability

Cytokine storm

What component helps provide the initial defense response against pathogens?

White Blood Cells (WBCs) (correct)

Hormones

Platelets

Antibodies

What process involves the discharge and elimination of waste materials by a phagocyte?

Discharge Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of vaginal secretions in the immune response?

Moving microorganisms out of the vaginal tract Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune cell is primarily involved in combating parasitic infections?

Eosinophils Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a lack of resistance to a disease?

Susceptibility Signup and view all the answers

Which cells recognize antigens and produce antibodies?

B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called that refers to blood cell formation?

Hematopoiesis Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the body's ability to ward off diseases?

Immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an innate immune response?

Antibody production Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of the immune system?

Innate and adaptive Signup and view all the answers

Which of these organisms is known to cause Tuberculoid leprosy?

Mycobacterium leprae Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity involves the production of T lymphocytes?

Cellular immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about phagocytes is true?

They can migrate to infected areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first immune response to a particular foreign substance called?

Primary response Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of B cells?

Produce antibodies against antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for defending against any pathogen and is present at birth?

Innate immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT part of the immune system?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the portion of the immune system that includes organs, cells, and proteins working together?

Immune System Signup and view all the answers

What type of response occurs when the immune system combats a foreign substance for the second time?

Secondary response Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity is characterized by the production of antibodies against foreign molecules?

Humoral immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are specialized white blood cells that patrol the body looking for antigens?

Dendritic cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

### Innate Immunity

Present at birth, offering immediate defense against pathogens.
Responds rapidly, acting as the body's first line of defense.

Adaptive Immunity

Develops over time through exposure to specific pathogens.
Offers a more tailored and targeted immune response.
Characterized by its specificity and memory.
Involves the immune system's ability to "remember" past encounters with pathogens.

Phagocytosis

A process where immune cells engulf and destroy foreign invaders.
The steps include chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, and discharge.

### Inflammation

A localized reaction to injury or infection.
Characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain.
Helps to isolate and eliminate harmful substances from the body.
The stages include the vascular stage and cellular stage.

### Immune System

A complex network of organs, cells, and proteins that protect the body against pathogens.
Composed of innate and adaptive immunity systems.
Includes the lymphatic system, complement system, spleen, thymus, bone marrow and white blood cells.

### Lymphocytes

Specialized white blood cells critical to the immune response.
B cells and T cells are the two main types of lymphocytes.

B Cells

Differentiate into plasma cells, responsible for producing antibodies.
Provide humoral immunity, which targets extracellular pathogens.

T Cells

Responsible for cell-mediated immunity, targeting intracellular pathogens.
Mature in the thymus and recognize antigens processed by phagocytic cells.

Immunity

The ability to resist disease.
A combination of innate and adaptive immune responses.

Susceptibility

Lack of resistance to a disease.
Individuals with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to illness.

### Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation.
Occurs in the bone marrow.

### Dual Nature of Adaptive Immunity

Characterized by two main components: humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
Humoral immunity relies on antibodies, while cell-mediated immunity relies on specialized T cells.
Both components aim to eradicate pathogens in different ways.

Sebum

An oily substance secreted by the skin’s sebaceous glands.
Provides a protective barrier against pathogens.

Normal Body Temperature

Approximately 37°C.
A temperature of 38°C or higher indicates an abnormal condition.

### Eusinophils

White blood cells that fight parasites.
Also involved in allergic reactions.

### Monocytes

Large white blood cells that mature into macrophages.
Macrophages phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of the immune system, including innate and adaptive immunity. This quiz covers essential processes like phagocytosis and inflammation, highlighting their roles in protecting the body. Test your understanding of how the immune response functions in health and disease.