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Lecture 21F
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Lecture 21F

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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of autoimmune diseases like Rheumatoid arthritis and Type I diabetes mellitus?

  • Immunodeficiency disorders
  • Genetic mutations
  • Foreign antigens that resemble self antigens (correct)
  • Environmental factors

    • In severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), which cells are usually scarce or absent?

  • Macrophages
  • Red blood cells
  • Natural killer cells
  • B & T cells (correct)

    • What is the primary mode of transmission for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

  • Contaminated food
  • Unsafe sex (correct)
  • Airborne droplets
  • Skin contact

    • Which of the following is NOT an early symptom of HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Memory loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the viral infection known as HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Specifically targets CD4+ T Helper Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can symptoms typically disappear after the initial flu-like illness in HIV/AIDS?

    <p>12 years or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental factor can play a role in triggering autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Cigarette smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic condition leads to the absence of both B and T cells in SCID?

    <p>Recessive alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bodily fluids are involved in the transmission of HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Semen, pre-ejaculate, vaginal secretions, blood, breastmilk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by IgE mediation and the release of histamine and inflammatory chemicals by basophils/mast cells?

    <p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgG or IgM mediation and leads to cytotoxic responses, where antibodies bind to specific cells?

    <p>Type II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which hypersensitivity reaction do immune complexes cause intense inflammation and tissue destruction?

    <p>Type III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hypersensitivity reaction involves delayed responses without the involvement of antibodies, with TH cells secreting cytokines that activate macrophages and cytotoxic T cells?

    <p>Type IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system attacks the synovial membranes in the joints, leading to inflammation and tissue destruction?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In autoimmune diseases, what happens due to the immune system's inability to distinguish self from non-self?

    <p>Attacking the body's own tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which hypersensitivity reaction are APCs responsible for activating TH cells that subsequently cause inflammation and tissue damage?

    <p>Type IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Hypersensitivity Type II reactions in terms of the response they trigger?

    <p>Antibodies binding to specific cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Hypersensitivity Type III reactions?

    <p>Immune complexes causing intense inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease involves the immune system attacking synovial membranes in the joints?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Hypersensitivity Type II reactions in terms of the response they trigger?

    <p>Involvement of IgG or IgM antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which autoimmune disease is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) a common example?

    <p>Systemic lupus erythematosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates Hypersensitivity Type IV reactions from other types?

    <p>Delayed response without antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hypersensitivity reaction involves the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals by basophils/mast cells?

    <p>Type I (Acute)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)?

    <p>Absence of both B &amp; T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease involves the immune system attacking the thyroid gland, leading to inflammation and decreased hormone production?

    <p>Hashimoto's thyroiditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common mode of transmission for HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Unprotected sex and sharing needles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease targets the protective covering of nerve fibers, leading to communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body?

    <p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In HIV/AIDS, what specific type of cells does the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) target?

    <p>T Helper Cells (CD4+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is characteristic of late-stage HIV/AIDS and often indicates a weakened immune system?

    <p>Rapid weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental factor is NOT typically associated with triggering autoimmune diseases?

    <p>Low physical activity levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the genetic condition in severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) that leads to scarce or absent B and T cells?

    <p>Recessive alleles that impair immune cell development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lymphocytes are weakly self reactive in autoimmune diseases like Rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersensitivity Type I is commonly associated with ______ allergies

    <p>common</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Hypersensitivity Type II, antibodies bind to specific cells and stimulate ______ and/or complement activation

    <p>phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Systemic lupus erythematosus is an example of an ______ disease

    <p>autoimmune</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersensitivity Type III reactions cause intense inflammation & tissue destruction due to immune ______

    <p>complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersensitivity Type IV reactions involve the activation of TH cells by APCs, leading to inflammation and tissue ______

    <p>damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Autoimmune diseases result from the immune system's inability to distinguish self from ______

    <p>non-self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks the synovial membranes in the ______

    <p>joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersensitivity Type II reactions are characterized by IgG or IgM mediation and lead to ______ responses

    <p>cytotoxic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Hypersensitivity Type III, immune complexes cause intense inflammation & tissue destruction due to immune ______

    <p>complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Over 80 AI diseases occur due to weakly self reactive ______

    <p>lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Autoimmune diseases happen because the immune system cannot distinguish self from non-______

    <p>self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), recessive alleles cause scarce or absent B & T ______

    <p>cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which specifically targets the CD4+ T Helper ______

    <p>Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary mode of transmission for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is through the transfer of bodily ______

    <p>fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early symptoms of HIV/AIDS include rapid weight loss, fever, and extreme ______

    <p>fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Late symptoms of HIV/AIDS can include memory loss, dementia, and rare opportunistic ______

    <p>infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SCID patients must live in protective ______

    <p>enclosures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HIV/AIDS transmission can occur through unsafe sex, contaminated needles, breastfeeding, and mother to child during ______

    <p>delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersensitivity Type I (Acute) is commonly associated with ______ allergies

    <p>common</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Autoimmune diseases occur due to the immune system's inability to distinguish self from non-______

    <p>self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks the synovial membranes in the ______

    <p>joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersensitivity Type II reactions are characterized by IgG or IgM mediation and lead to ______ responses

    <p>cytotoxic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Late symptoms of HIV/AIDS can include memory loss, dementia, and rare opportunistic ______

    <p>infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Systemic lupus erythematosus is an example of an ______ disease

    <p>autoimmune</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersensitivity Type III reactions cause intense inflammation & tissue destruction due to immune ______

    <p>complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersensitivity Type II reactions involve antibodies binding to specific cells and stimulating ______ and/or complement activation

    <p>phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary mode of transmission for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is through the transfer of bodily ______

    <p>fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Over 80 AI diseases occur due to weakly self reactive ______

    <p>lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which specifically targets the CD4+ T Helper ______

    <p>Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early symptoms of HIV/AIDS include rapid weight loss, fever, and extreme ______

    <p>fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Late symptoms of HIV/AIDS can include memory loss, dementia, and rare opportunistic ______

    <p>infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SCID patients must live in protective ______

    <p>enclosures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks the synovial membranes in the ______

    <p>joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Autoimmune diseases result from the immune system's inability to distinguish self from ______

    <p>non-self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Late symptoms of HIV/AIDS can include memory loss, dementia, and rare opportunistic ______

    <p>infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersensitivity Type I is commonly associated with ______ allergies

    <p>allergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersensitivity Type II reactions involve IgG or IgM mediation and lead to immune complexes that cause inflammation and tissue destruction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Hypersensitivity Type IV, antibodies are directly involved in the immune response triggered.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Systemic lupus erythematosus is an example of a Hypersensitivity Type III reaction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In autoimmune diseases, the immune system can effectively distinguish between self and non-self antigens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rheumatoid arthritis involves the immune system attacking nerve fibers in the joints.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersensitivity Type I reactions involve the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals by basophils/mast cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Autoimmune diseases occur due to the immune system's ability to distinguish self from non-self antigens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anaphylaxis is a common example of a Hypersensitivity Type II reaction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Hypersensitivity Type III, immune complexes cause mild inflammation and tissue damage in localized regions of the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Systemic lupus erythematosus is an example of an autoimmune disease caused by the immune system's inability to distinguish self from non-self.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersensitivity Type IV reactions involve the activation of TH cells by APCs, leading to inflammation and tissue damage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) is caused by dominant alleles that lead to scarce or absent B & T cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In AIDS, the human immunodeficiency virus targets CD8+ T Helper Cells instead of CD4+ T Helper Cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rheumatoid arthritis primarily affects the synovial membranes in the joints, leading to inflammation and tissue destruction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can be transmitted through unsafe sex, contaminated needles, and breastfeeding, but not through mother-to-child transmission during delivery.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an example of an autoimmune disease that occurs due to foreign antigens resembling self antigens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple sclerosis is classified as a hypersensitivity Type III reaction due to intense inflammation and tissue destruction.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease where weakly self-reactive lymphocytes target foreign antigens that resemble self antigens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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