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What type of hormone or growth factor is involved in the development from myeloid progenitor cells into specific cell types?
What type of hormone or growth factor is involved in the development from myeloid progenitor cells into specific cell types?
Which cell type arises from the myeloid progenitor cell?
Which cell type arises from the myeloid progenitor cell?
What is the primary function of neutrophils?
What is the primary function of neutrophils?
Which cell type is NOT included in the myeloid lineage?
Which cell type is NOT included in the myeloid lineage?
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Which of the following cell types is classified under the myeloid lineage?
Which of the following cell types is classified under the myeloid lineage?
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What is the primary function of mast cells?
What is the primary function of mast cells?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of innate lymphoid cells?
Which of the following is a characteristic of innate lymphoid cells?
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What is the function of NKT cells?
What is the function of NKT cells?
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Which cells are derived from self-renewing stem cells in the bone marrow and differentiate into pluripotent stem cells and then progenitor cells?
Which cells are derived from self-renewing stem cells in the bone marrow and differentiate into pluripotent stem cells and then progenitor cells?
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What is the main function of natural killer T (NKT) cells in the immune system?
What is the main function of natural killer T (NKT) cells in the immune system?
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Which type of cells move from the bone marrow out into the blood and/or tissues where they can differentiate further and perform a wide variety of functions?
Which type of cells move from the bone marrow out into the blood and/or tissues where they can differentiate further and perform a wide variety of functions?
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How can immune cells be identified according to the text?
How can immune cells be identified according to the text?
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What is the significance of the 'CD' system (Cluster of Differentiation) mentioned in the text?
What is the significance of the 'CD' system (Cluster of Differentiation) mentioned in the text?
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Innate Lymphoid Cells are part of the myeloid lineage.
Innate Lymphoid Cells are part of the myeloid lineage.
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NKT cells are classified under the myeloid lineage.
NKT cells are classified under the myeloid lineage.
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Mast cells are derived from self-renewing stem cells in the bone marrow.
Mast cells are derived from self-renewing stem cells in the bone marrow.
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Dendritic cells are included in the myeloid lineage.
Dendritic cells are included in the myeloid lineage.
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Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granulocytes in the myeloid lineage.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granulocytes in the myeloid lineage.
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Mast cells are not derived from the myeloid progenitor cell.
Mast cells are not derived from the myeloid progenitor cell.
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Monocytes are only found in the blood and do not differentiate into macrophages in tissues.
Monocytes are only found in the blood and do not differentiate into macrophages in tissues.
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Eosinophils are not included in the group called granulocytes.
Eosinophils are not included in the group called granulocytes.
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The myeloid lineage includes dendritic cells and granulocytes.
The myeloid lineage includes dendritic cells and granulocytes.
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Mast cells are derived from the myeloid lineage.
Mast cells are derived from the myeloid lineage.
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Macrophages are classified under the lymphoid lineage.
Macrophages are classified under the lymphoid lineage.
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The myeloid lineage gives rise to natural killer T (NKT) cells.
The myeloid lineage gives rise to natural killer T (NKT) cells.
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Mature red blood cells are part of the myeloid lineage.
Mature red blood cells are part of the myeloid lineage.
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Cells from the myeloid lineage play a key role in both innate and adaptive immune responses.
Cells from the myeloid lineage play a key role in both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Study Notes
- The text focuses on the different cells involved in immune responses and the ways to identify and distinguish between them.
- Cells involved in immunity include white blood cells (leukocytes) and some others like endothelial cells, adipocytes, and epithelial cells.
- These cells originate from self-renewing stem cells in the bone marrow, which differentiate under the influence of growth factors into pluripotent stem cells and then progenitor cells.
- Leukocytes have two main lineages: lymphoid (T cells, B cells) and myeloid (NKT cells, dendritic cells, granulocytes/polymorphonuclear cells, macrophages).
- White blood cells move from the bone marrow into the blood and tissues, where they can differentiate further and perform various functions in the innate and adaptive immune responses.
- Cells can be identified by their size, granularity of the cytoplasm, and specific molecules they express (usually on the surface but sometimes internally).
- In 1982, scientists established the "CD" (Cluster of Differentiation) system to create a strict nomenclature for identifying cells, using specific molecules they express.
- The myeloid lineage includes Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs), NKT cells, mast cells, dendritic cells, granulocytes/polymorphonuclear cells, and macrophages.
- The myeloid progenitor cell gives rise to polymorphonuclear cells (polymorphs or PMNs), monocytes, megakaryocytes, mast cells, and erythrocytes.
- Polymorphs include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, also known as granulocytes (60-70% of white blood cells).
- Monocytes are blood-borne and, in tissues, become macrophages (MF).
- Bone marrow development into specific cell types relies on the secretion of various hormones and growth factors, such as cytokines or inter-leukins and colony stimulating factors.
- Neutrophils are large cells (10-20 microns in diameter), live for only 2-3 days, and have neutral staining cytoplasmic granules containing enzymes.
- Ninety percent of granulocytes are neutrophils.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the different types of cells involved in immune responses. Identify key characteristics and functions of each cell to distinguish between them.
