27 Questions
What are the two main branches of adaptive immunity?
Cell-mediated immunity and Antibody-mediated immunity
How do antibodies help neutralize extracellular bacteria?
By neutralization, activation of complement, opsonization, and phagocytosis
What immune response is effective against intracellular bacteria?
Phagocytosis, killing in the phagolysosome, and T CD4 helper type 1 response
How do viruses evade host immune responses?
Through surface antigens variability, inhibition of innate immunity sensors, inhibition of MHC Class I presentation, and production of immunosuppressive cytokines
What are the key immune responses against helminths?
T CD4 type 2 response, eosinophils, IgE, ADCC
What type of immunity involves neutralization by antibodies, activation of complement, opsonization, and phagocytosis against extracellular bacteria?
Antibody-mediated immunity
Which immune response is effective against viruses through the production of type I interferons, NK cells, and T CD4 helper type 1 cells?
Innate immunity
What immune response involves eosinophils, T CD4 type 2 cells, and IgE in combating helminths?
Cell-mediated immunity
Which immune response relies on T CD8 CTL cells for killing intracellular bacteria in the phagolysosome?
Cell-mediated immunity
What is a key mechanism by which viruses evade host immune responses?
Inhibition of MHC Class I presentation
Which pathogen evasion mechanism involves tegument resistance to antibodies and complement or to CTL?
Anatomic sequestration (cysts)
What is the nature of the invader that determines host immune responses against pathogens?
Type of pathogen
Which type of immune response involves the production of IgM and IgG antibodies?
Antibody-mediated immunity
What is the primary immune response against extracellular bacteria that leads to their neutralization?
Activation of complement
Which immune response is effective against protozoa through phagocytosis and the action of T CD4 helper type 1 cells?
Cell-mediated immunity
What is a key evasion mechanism used by viruses to avoid host immune responses involving mutations in surface antigens?
Inhibition of MHC Class I presentation
Which immune response is effective against helminths through the action of eosinophils and IgE production?
Antibody-mediated immunity
What response is effective against intracellular bacteria through phagocytosis and killing in the phagolysosome?
Cell-mediated immunity
Which evasion mechanism do parasites use to resist antibodies and CTL, involving antigenic variability and masking?
Anatomic sequestration
How do antibodies help combat extracellular bacteria?
By activating complement
Which immune response is effective against fungi through phagocytosis, neutrophils, and inflammatory responses?
Cell-mediated immunity
What mechanism do viruses use to inhibit innate immunity sensors (PRR) signaling as an evasion strategy?
Production of analog to IL10 immunosuppressive cytokine
What are the key functions of MIP-1a, MCP-1, and RANTES in the immune system?
Induce leukocyte migration and accumulation in inflammatory site
How has MIP-2 been functionally characterized in the immune system?
As a major polymorphonuclear activating factor and chemoattractant
Which types of cells are targeted by a chemokine belonging to the CXC family?
Monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils, and eosinophils
What is the role of chemokines from the CC family in immune responses?
Inducing leukocyte migration and accumulation in inflammatory sites
What is the new nomenclature for the chemokine RANTES?
Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted
Test your knowledge on barriers (physical, chemical, biological), innate immunity, adaptive immunity, immune suppression, pathogen-associated antigens, and the immune response triggered by antigens.
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