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Questions and Answers
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies goods classified as immovable by destination?
Which of the following scenarios exemplifies goods classified as immovable by destination?
- Building materials placed on a construction site, ready for use.
- A collection of vintage books stored in a personal library.
- Detached machinery temporarily removed from a factory for maintenance but intended to be reinstalled. (correct)
- Harvested crops stored in a barn, awaiting sale.
Which of the following best describes 'goods outside the civil circuit'?
Which of the following best describes 'goods outside the civil circuit'?
- Goods that are commonly traded among individuals.
- Goods that cannot be subject to legal acts transferring or establishing real rights. (correct)
- Goods that can be freely traded without any restrictions.
- Goods that are subject to legal restrictions due to their nature.
If a contract requires a baker to deliver 50 loaves of bread but the exact loaves are not specified, what type of goods are involved?
If a contract requires a baker to deliver 50 loaves of bread but the exact loaves are not specified, what type of goods are involved?
- Principal goods
- Consumable goods
- Nefungible goods
- Fungible goods (correct)
Which of the following is the best example of a non-consumable good?
Which of the following is the best example of a non-consumable good?
A large plot of land is divided into smaller, equally valuable building lots without affecting its economic purpose. What type of goods is the original plot?
A large plot of land is divided into smaller, equally valuable building lots without affecting its economic purpose. What type of goods is the original plot?
How would you classify a smartphone case in relation to the smartphone itself?
How would you classify a smartphone case in relation to the smartphone itself?
A farmer harvests apples from his orchard. According to the classification of goods, what are these apples considered?
A farmer harvests apples from his orchard. According to the classification of goods, what are these apples considered?
What distinguishes ‘natural fruits’ from other types of fruits in the context of property law?
What distinguishes ‘natural fruits’ from other types of fruits in the context of property law?
Which of the following exemplifies 'industrial fruits'?
Which of the following exemplifies 'industrial fruits'?
A landlord receives monthly rent from a tenant. How is this income classified in terms of fruits of a good?
A landlord receives monthly rent from a tenant. How is this income classified in terms of fruits of a good?
What characteristic defines goods as 'immovable by destination'?
What characteristic defines goods as 'immovable by destination'?
Which of the following scenarios involves goods that are considered 'outside the civil circuit'?
Which of the following scenarios involves goods that are considered 'outside the civil circuit'?
In contract law, if a farmer agrees to deliver 'one ton of wheat,' what type of goods are being referred to?
In contract law, if a farmer agrees to deliver 'one ton of wheat,' what type of goods are being referred to?
Which scenario best illustrates the concept of 'consumable goods'?
Which scenario best illustrates the concept of 'consumable goods'?
A sculptor creates a statue from a single block of marble. Why would the statue be considered an 'indivisible good'?
A sculptor creates a statue from a single block of marble. Why would the statue be considered an 'indivisible good'?
A bicycle is sold with a detachable basket. How is the basket classified in relation to the bicycle?
A bicycle is sold with a detachable basket. How is the basket classified in relation to the bicycle?
Which of the following generates 'frugiferous goods'?
Which of the following generates 'frugiferous goods'?
What is the primary characteristic of 'natural fruits' as a type of good?
What is the primary characteristic of 'natural fruits' as a type of good?
Which of the following best exemplifies industrial fruits?
Which of the following best exemplifies industrial fruits?
What is the key attribute of civil fruits?
What is the key attribute of civil fruits?
Flashcards
Bunuri imobile prin destinatie (Immovable property by destination)
Bunuri imobile prin destinatie (Immovable property by destination)
Materials provisionally separated from real estate, intended for reuse, retaining their original form.
Bunurile imobile prin determinarea legii (Immovable property by law)
Bunurile imobile prin determinarea legii (Immovable property by law)
Goods that are defined as immovable by law
Bunuri aflate in circuitul civil (Assets in civil circulation)
Bunuri aflate in circuitul civil (Assets in civil circulation)
Assets that can be acquired or transferred through civil legal acts.
Bunuri scoase din circuitul civil (Assets removed from civil circulation)
Bunuri scoase din circuitul civil (Assets removed from civil circulation)
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Bunuri fungibile (Fungible assets)
Bunuri fungibile (Fungible assets)
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Bunuri nefungibile (Non-fungible assets)
Bunuri nefungibile (Non-fungible assets)
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Bunuri consumptibile (Consumable assets)
Bunuri consumptibile (Consumable assets)
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Bunuri neconsumptibile (Non-consumable assets)
Bunuri neconsumptibile (Non-consumable assets)
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Bunuri divizibile (Divisible assets)
Bunuri divizibile (Divisible assets)
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Bunuri indivizibile (Indivisible assets)
Bunuri indivizibile (Indivisible assets)
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Bunuri principale (Principal assets)
Bunuri principale (Principal assets)
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Bunuri accesorii (Accessory assets)
Bunuri accesorii (Accessory assets)
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Bunuri frugifere (Fructiferous assets)
Bunuri frugifere (Fructiferous assets)
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Bunuri nefrugifere (Non-fructiferous assets)
Bunuri nefrugifere (Non-fructiferous assets)
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Fructele (Fruits)
Fructele (Fruits)
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Fructe naturale (Natural fruits)
Fructe naturale (Natural fruits)
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Fructe industriale (Industrial fruits)
Fructe industriale (Industrial fruits)
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Fructe civile (Civil fruits)
Fructe civile (Civil fruits)
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Study Notes
- Examples of items like car parts
Immovable Assets by Destination
- Refers to materials provisionally separated from a building to be reused as long as they retain their original form
- Includes integral parts of a building temporarily detached, intended for reintegration
- These are considered movable by nature, but because of their intended purpose as determined by the owner, the law considers them immovable
Immovable Assets by Legal Determination
- Refers to real estate rights
Classification by Legal Circulation Regime
- Considers how assets circulate within the legal system
Assets in Civil Circulation
- Assets that can be acquired or transferred through civil legal acts
- They can circulate freely, without restrictions, or under restrictive conditions
- Examples of restricted assets include firearms, ammunition, toxic materials, and religious objects
Assets Outside Civil Circulation
- Assets that cannot be subject to a transfer or constitutive legal act of real rights
- Examples include common resources like air, sunlight, and sea water
Classification by Possibility of Substitution in Fulfilling an Obligation (Art. 543 C.civ.)
- Categorizes assets based on whether they can be replaced with others when fulfilling an obligation
Fungible Assets
- Assets that can be determined by number, measure, or weight and can be replaced by others
- This includes generic assets that are individualized through measuring, weighing, or counting
Non-fungible Assets
- Assets that cannot be replaced by others in fulfilling an obligation
- The debtor is only released from the obligation by delivering the specific asset owed
- This includes individually determined or unique assets
Classification by Consumption of Substance or Transfer Through Use (Art. 544 C.civ.)
- Categorizes assets based on how their use affects their substance
Consumable Assets
- Assets whose ordinary use involves the transfer or consumption of their substance
- Examples include money, food, and fuel
Non-consumable Assets
- Assets that can be used repeatedly without consuming or transferring their substance
- Examples include buildings, land, and machinery
Classification by Possibility of Dividing Assets Without Altering Their Purpose (Art. 545 C.civ.)
- Focuses on whether assets can be divided without changing their economic destination
Divisible Assets
- Assets that can be divided without altering their economic purpose
Indivisible Assets
- Assets that cannot be divided in nature without altering their economic purpose
Classification by Correlation Between Assets (Art. 546 C. civ.)
- Differentiates assets based on their relationship to each other
Principal Assets
- Assets that can be used independently and are not intended to serve the use of another asset
- Example: A telephone
Accessory Assets
- Assets intended, in a stable and exclusive manner, for the economic use of another asset
- Example: A telephone case
Classification by Possibility of Producing Other Assets
- Focuses on whether assets can generate other assets
Frugiferous Assets
- Assets that periodically produce other assets, without consuming their substance
- These generated assets are called "fruits"
Non-frugiferous Assets
- Assets that cannot generate other assets
- These are called "non-fruits"
Fruits
- Products derived from the use of an asset, without diminishing its substance
Natural Fruits
- Direct and periodic products of an asset, obtained without human intervention
- Examples include forest fruits and animal offspring
Industrial Fruits
- Direct and periodic products of an asset, obtained through human intervention
- Example: Harvested crops
Civil Fruits
- Income generated from using an asset by a person through a legal act
- Examples include rents, interest, annuities, dividends, and leases
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