Immigration and Reconstruction Quiz

Immigration and Reconstruction

• Late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a wave of immigration driven by poverty in native countries.
• Major goal of Progressivism was the elimination of corruption and abuse by government and big business.
• Jim Crow Laws institutionalized the segregation of African-Americans in the South.
• The Temperance Movement focused on prohibition of alcohol.
• The Fourteenth Amendment, proposed in June 1866, aimed to prevent state discrimination against African-Americans.
• Lincoln's Reconstruction plan required a 10% loyalty oath from citizens of Southern states for governance establishment.
• President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865, while attending a play.
• Lincoln died the next day from the gunshot wound.

Black Codes

• Black Codes imposed restrictions on African-American citizenship rights.
• Laws limited employment to house servants or agricultural work for African-Americans.
• Prohibited African-Americans from residing in towns and owning firearms.

Wade-Davis Bill

• The Wade-Davis Bill, proposed in July 1864, required over 50% of registered voters in rebellious states to take an oath of loyalty.

The Freedmen's Bureau

• The Freedmen's Bureau was established post-Civil War for social services to freed slaves and poor whites.

Andrew Johnson's Presidency

• Andrew Johnson took office after Lincoln's assassination and sought retribution against ex-Confederates.
• Johnson's leniency led to former Confederate states quickly meeting readmission conditions and electing delegates to Congress.
• Radical Republicans deemed Johnson insufficiently effective against the Black Codes and attempted to impeach him.
• Impeachment failed by a single vote, reflecting political divisions.
• In the summer of 1866, white mobs attacked African-Americans, resulting in over 100 deaths.
• Radical Republicans elected Ulysses S. Grant as president in 1868.
• The Amnesty Act of 1872 allowed all ex-Confederates to hold political office.
• Charles Sumner introduced the Civil Rights Act of 1875 to protect African-American rights.

Business Innovations and Key Figures

• The Pacific Railway Act of 1862 facilitated railroad expansion between Omaha and Sacramento.
• Horizontal integration involves controlling an industry stage, evident in the oil refining by Standard Oil.
• Western railroads flourished post-Kansas-Nebraska Act, primarily routing through Chicago.
• Andrew Carnegie leveraged the Bessemer process for steel production; he championed vertical integration.
• Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
• George Washington Carver developed over 300 products from peanuts and taught at Tuskegee Institute.
• Thomas Alva Edison is notable for the invention of the light bulb.
• Joseph Glidden created barbed wire, revolutionizing fencing.
• Cyrus McCormick introduced the first grain reaper, enhancing agricultural efficiency.
• Christopher Sholes invented the typewriter, impacting communication.
• Cornelius Vanderbilt improved railroad safety and efficiency.

Late 19th Century Events

• James A. Garfield was elected the 20th President in 1881, defeating Winfield Scott Hancock.
• Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau in July 1882, surviving for eleven weeks post-assassination.
• The Pendleton Act of 1883 established a civil service system in response to corruption.
• The Gunfight at the OK Corral featured Doc Holiday and Wyatt Earp in Tombstone, Arizona.
• George Armstrong Custer perished at the Battle of Little Bighorn, a significant Native American victory.
• William “Buffalo Bill” Cody was hired to kill buffalo for transcontinental railroad workers.
• The Oklahoma Land Rush began on April 22, 1889, marking a significant westward migration.