Questions and Answers
What is immigration?
Coming to live permanently in a foreign country
What is emigration?
The act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another
What is a push factor?
A reason for someone wanting to leave their own country
What is a pull factor?
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What does the Open Door Policy refer to?
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What is Ellis Island?
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How long would most people's process at Ellis Island last for?
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How much money would you need to travel into America after the process at Ellis Island?
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What is a melting pot?
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What was the Literacy Test of 1917?
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What did the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 do?
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What is Americanization?
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What is the American Dream?
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What was the National Origins Act of 1924?
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What was the Red Scare?
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What were the Palmer Raids?
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Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?
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Who were the Religious Fundamentalists?
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What was the Monkey Trial of July 1925?
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What was the Butler Act?
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Who were the lawyers in the Monkey Trial?
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What was the Great Migration?
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What were Jim Crow Laws?
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What is segregation?
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What was the Harlem Renaissance?
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What does NAACP stand for?
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What was the Ku Klux Klan?
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What was the peak membership of the KKK?
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Who were granted U.S. citizenship in 1924?
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Who formed the Tuskegee Institute?
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Who formed the NAACP?
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Who formed the UNIA?
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What is prohibition?
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What legislation enforced prohibition?
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When was the Twenty-First Amendment ratified?
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What effects did prohibition have on society?
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What was the St. Valentine's Day Massacre?
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Which groups pressured the government into enforcing prohibition?
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What are moonshiners?
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What are rum-runners?
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What was the Tea Pot Dome Scandal?
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What was the Ohio Gang?
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Who were members of the Ohio Gang?
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Study Notes
Immigration and Emigration
- Immigration refers to permanently moving to a foreign country, whereas emigration is the act of leaving one's own country to settle in another.
- Push factors drive individuals to leave their home country; pull factors attract them to a new one.
- The Open Door Policy made it easier for immigrants to emigrate to the U.S.
Ellis Island
- Served as the main immigration processing center for newcomers to America.
- Most individuals were processed within 24 hours and required $25 for entry post-processing.
Immigration Policies and Legislation
- The Melting Pot concept describes diverse cultures blending into American society.
- The Literacy Test of 1917 mandated immigrants to pass reading and writing tests in English.
- The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 limited immigration to 357,000 per year, imposing a quota system based on the 1910 population.
- The National Origins Act of 1924 reduced annual immigration to 150,000 and focused on restricting southern and eastern European and Asian immigrants.
Social Concerns and Upheaval
- The Red Scare arose from fears of communist ideology spreading after the Russian Revolution.
- Palmer Raids were actions taken against left-wing organizations in 1920, led by A. Mitchell Palmer.
- Sacco and Vanzetti were unfairly tried for robbery, reflecting prejudice against Italian immigrants.
Cultural and Social Movements
- Religious Fundamentalists, mainly from the Bible Belt, rejected evolution, adhering strictly to biblical teachings.
- The Monkey Trial of July 1925 penalized John Scopes for teaching evolution, highlighting the clash between science and religion.
- The Butler Act prohibited the teaching of evolution in public schools.
African American Migration and Rights
- The Great Migration saw African Americans move from the segregated South to the North, seeking better opportunities.
- Jim Crow Laws enforced racial segregation in southern states, leading to widespread discrimination.
- Harlem Renaissance marked a flourishing of African American culture centered in Harlem, New York.
Organizations and Advocacy
- The NAACP, founded by W.E.B. Du Bois in 1905, aimed to secure equal rights and combat racial prejudice.
- The Ku Klux Klan emerged as a white supremacist group using violence and intimidation against African Americans, reaching a peak membership of 6 million.
Legislation and Prohibition
- Native Americans were granted U.S. citizenship in 1924, yet they continued to face racial intolerance.
- Prohibition (1920-1933) banned the sale and transport of alcohol, enforced through the Volstead Act.
- Prohibition led to a rise in smuggling, organized crime, and speakeasies, despite a reduction in deaths from alcoholism by 80% by 1921.
Crime and Scandals
- The St. Valentine's Day Massacre in 1929 symbolized the violent gang wars in Chicago between Al Capone and Bugs Moran.
- Groups like the Anti-Saloon League and Women's Christian Temperance Union advocated strongly for prohibition.
- The Teapot Dome Scandal involved President Harding's Ohio Gang selling government-owned oil fields, resulting in imprisonments after the scandal was exposed.
Key Figures and Groups
- The Ohio Gang consisted of Harding's associates, including Harry Daugherty and Albert Hall.
- Booker T. Washington founded the Tuskegee Institute to promote African American education and economic advancement.
- Marcus Garvey established the UNIA to advocate for Black nationalism and economic empowerment.
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Description
Explore the essential concepts of immigration and emigration, including the factors that influence these movements. Delve into historical milestones such as the role of Ellis Island and key legislation like the Emergency Quota Act and National Origins Act. Understand how policies shape the immigrant experience in America.