Immigration and Emigration Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is immigration?

Coming to live permanently in a foreign country

What is emigration?

The act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another

What is a push factor?

A reason for someone wanting to leave their own country

What is a pull factor?

<p>A reason for someone wanting to go to another country</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Open Door Policy refer to?

<p>More lenient on emigration to America from other countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Ellis Island?

<p>Immigration centre for people travelling to America from other countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long would most people's process at Ellis Island last for?

<p>Under 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much money would you need to travel into America after the process at Ellis Island?

<p>$25</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a melting pot?

<p>Many different people from different cultures and countries coming into America and 'melting together'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Literacy Test of 1917?

<p>Immigrants had to pass a series of reading and writing tests to prove they could speak English</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 do?

<p>Restricted the number of immigrants to 357,000 per year and set quotas</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Americanization?

<p>The influence of America on people, cultures, and countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the American Dream?

<p>Where the highest aspirations and goals can be achieved for all people in America</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the National Origins Act of 1924?

<p>Reduced the maximum number of immigrants to 150,000 per year and cut the quota to 2 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Red Scare?

<p>Concern from US people because of the spread of communist ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Palmer Raids?

<p>Attacks organized by A. Mitchell Palmer against left-wing organizations in 1920</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?

<p>Italian immigrants arrested and accused of armed robbery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Religious Fundamentalists?

<p>Mainly from the Bible belt and rejected the idea of evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Monkey Trial of July 1925?

<p>John Scopes was fined for teaching evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Butler Act?

<p>Made it illegal for any public school to teach any theory denying the story of creation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the lawyers in the Monkey Trial?

<p>Fundamentalists - William Jennings Bryan; Evolutionists - Clarence Darrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Great Migration?

<p>When many African-Americans migrated from the South to the North</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were Jim Crow Laws?

<p>Introduced to enforce segregation in southern states</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is segregation?

<p>The separation of black and white people in public places</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

<p>Where African-Americans started to settle in Harlem, New York</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does NAACP stand for?

<p>National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Ku Klux Klan?

<p>A white underground terrorist group believing in white supremacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the peak membership of the KKK?

<p>6 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were granted U.S. citizenship in 1924?

<p>Native Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who formed the Tuskegee Institute?

<p>Booker T. Washington</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who formed the NAACP?

<p>William Du Bois</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who formed the UNIA?

<p>Marcus Garvey</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is prohibition?

<p>A national ban on the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legislation enforced prohibition?

<p>Volstead Act of 1919</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the Twenty-First Amendment ratified?

<p>5th December 1933</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effects did prohibition have on society?

<p>Increased organized crime, popularity of speakeasies, and more people started to drink than before</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the St. Valentine's Day Massacre?

<p>Al Capone kills another gang because of loss of business</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which groups pressured the government into enforcing prohibition?

<p>Anti-Saloon League, Women's Christian Temperance Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are moonshiners?

<p>Distilled alcohol in their own homes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are rum-runners?

<p>Smuggled alcohol into the USA from Mexico and Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Tea Pot Dome Scandal?

<p>Where President Harding's 'Ohio Gang' sold oil fields owned by the government</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Ohio Gang?

<p>A group of friends of Warren Harding placed in the cabinet</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were members of the Ohio Gang?

<p>Harry Daugherty, Albert Hall</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immigration and Emigration

  • Immigration refers to permanently moving to a foreign country, whereas emigration is the act of leaving one's own country to settle in another.
  • Push factors drive individuals to leave their home country; pull factors attract them to a new one.
  • The Open Door Policy made it easier for immigrants to emigrate to the U.S.

Ellis Island

  • Served as the main immigration processing center for newcomers to America.
  • Most individuals were processed within 24 hours and required $25 for entry post-processing.

Immigration Policies and Legislation

  • The Melting Pot concept describes diverse cultures blending into American society.
  • The Literacy Test of 1917 mandated immigrants to pass reading and writing tests in English.
  • The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 limited immigration to 357,000 per year, imposing a quota system based on the 1910 population.
  • The National Origins Act of 1924 reduced annual immigration to 150,000 and focused on restricting southern and eastern European and Asian immigrants.

Social Concerns and Upheaval

  • The Red Scare arose from fears of communist ideology spreading after the Russian Revolution.
  • Palmer Raids were actions taken against left-wing organizations in 1920, led by A. Mitchell Palmer.
  • Sacco and Vanzetti were unfairly tried for robbery, reflecting prejudice against Italian immigrants.

Cultural and Social Movements

  • Religious Fundamentalists, mainly from the Bible Belt, rejected evolution, adhering strictly to biblical teachings.
  • The Monkey Trial of July 1925 penalized John Scopes for teaching evolution, highlighting the clash between science and religion.
  • The Butler Act prohibited the teaching of evolution in public schools.

African American Migration and Rights

  • The Great Migration saw African Americans move from the segregated South to the North, seeking better opportunities.
  • Jim Crow Laws enforced racial segregation in southern states, leading to widespread discrimination.
  • Harlem Renaissance marked a flourishing of African American culture centered in Harlem, New York.

Organizations and Advocacy

  • The NAACP, founded by W.E.B. Du Bois in 1905, aimed to secure equal rights and combat racial prejudice.
  • The Ku Klux Klan emerged as a white supremacist group using violence and intimidation against African Americans, reaching a peak membership of 6 million.

Legislation and Prohibition

  • Native Americans were granted U.S. citizenship in 1924, yet they continued to face racial intolerance.
  • Prohibition (1920-1933) banned the sale and transport of alcohol, enforced through the Volstead Act.
  • Prohibition led to a rise in smuggling, organized crime, and speakeasies, despite a reduction in deaths from alcoholism by 80% by 1921.

Crime and Scandals

  • The St. Valentine's Day Massacre in 1929 symbolized the violent gang wars in Chicago between Al Capone and Bugs Moran.
  • Groups like the Anti-Saloon League and Women's Christian Temperance Union advocated strongly for prohibition.
  • The Teapot Dome Scandal involved President Harding's Ohio Gang selling government-owned oil fields, resulting in imprisonments after the scandal was exposed.

Key Figures and Groups

  • The Ohio Gang consisted of Harding's associates, including Harry Daugherty and Albert Hall.
  • Booker T. Washington founded the Tuskegee Institute to promote African American education and economic advancement.
  • Marcus Garvey established the UNIA to advocate for Black nationalism and economic empowerment.

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Description

Explore the essential concepts of immigration and emigration, including the factors that influence these movements. Delve into historical milestones such as the role of Ellis Island and key legislation like the Emergency Quota Act and National Origins Act. Understand how policies shape the immigrant experience in America.

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