Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of immediate care of the newborn?
What equipment is used to provide warmth and prevent hypothermia?
What is the objective of immediate care of the newborn to establish and maintain?
What is the correct position of the infant's head during resuscitation?
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What is the purpose of suctioning during resuscitation?
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What is the correct sequence of resuscitation?
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When is suctioning stopped during resuscitation?
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What is the Apgar score used for?
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What is the primary purpose of measuring Apgar score at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth?
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What is the normal range of Apgar score?
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Why is immediate bathing of the newborn not recommended?
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What is the recommended timing for the first complete bath of the newborn?
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What is the average weight of a newborn?
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How much weight does a newborn typically lose in the first 3 days?
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What is the recommended timing for male circumcision?
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What is the purpose of wiping the baby's skin with a sterile moistened swab before clothing?
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Study Notes
Immediate Care of the Newborn
- Care given to the newborn immediately after delivery to keep them healthy
- Purpose: to keep the newborn in good health, assess their condition, detect any abnormalities, prevent asphyxia, and provide cardiac care
Objectives of Immediate Care
- Establish and maintain respiratory function
- Provide warmth and prevent hypothermia
- Ensure safety from injury and infection
- Identify actual and potential problems that might require immediate action
Equipment Needed
- Suction apparatus or thin-rubber catheter
- Radiant warmer (servo)
- Cordclamp
- Eyedrop
- Alcohol
- Stethoscope
- Identification sheet
- Scissor
- Alcohol swap
- Normal saline
- Babyclothes
- Paper bag
- 2 sterile towels
- Vitamin K
ABC of Resuscitation
- A: Airway
- B: Breathing
- C: Circulation
- Position the infant on their back or side with the head slightly extended in a neutral position
- Clear the airway and gently suck mucus from the oro-pharynx with a suction catheter or mucus extractor
- Dry the infant thoroughly with a preheated towel to prevent heat loss
- Initiation of breathing may be stimulated by drying and suctioning
- If the infant does not breathe immediately, slapping the soles of the feet or rubbing the infant's back with a warm blanket can be an effective measure to stimulate rhythmic breathing
Apgar Score
- Definition: a time schedule measuring the general baby condition to keep the baby in good health
- Measured at 1 minute to assess the general condition of the newborn, and at 5 minutes to assess the prognosis of the baby
- Score ranges from 0 to 10
- Normal score: 7-10
- Mild asphyxia: 4-6
- Severe asphyxia: 0-3
Apgar Score Components
- Heart rate
- Absent: 0
- Slow below 100: 1
- Fast above 100: 2
- Respiration
- Absent: 0
- Weak crying: 1
- Good crying: 2
- Muscle tone
- Limp of flaccid: 0
- Some flexion: 1
- Active flexion: 2
- Reflex irritability
- No response: 0
- Grimace: 1
- Good response: 2
- Color
- Blue and pale: 0
- Body pink and extremities blue: 1
- Completely pink: 2
Means of Identification
- Mother should be notified of the sex of her baby immediately after delivery
- Wristband containing mother's name, hospital number, infant name, date and time of birth, infant sex, race, and weight and length
- Footprint
Male Circumcision
- Should not be performed immediately after delivery, but rather a day or two later, after the infant has been demonstrated to be healthy
The Baby's Bath
- At birth, baby's skin is covered with greasy vernix casosa, which provides a natural barrier against infection
- Excess vernix in the neck folds and groin may cause skin irritation
- Bathing the baby immediately after delivery is not recommended, only wiping the baby's skin with a sterile moistened swab before clothing
- One complete bath given by the mother under instruction on the second or third day before discharge is all that is required
Physical Examination
- Must be thorough to assess the newborn, detect any congenital anomalies, birth trauma, and specific neonatal problems
- General appearance and measurements:
- Weight: ranges from 2.5-4.0 kg, with an average of 3 kg
- Length: average length of male and female is 47.5-53.5 cm, with growth of approximately 1 inch per month for the first six months
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Description
Learn about the essential care given to newborns immediately after delivery to ensure their health and detect any potential abnormalities.
