Imipenem

Cell wall and membrane

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer

Evading mechanisms of resistance, changing the target site, and producing enzymes that inactivate the antibiotic

<p>Granulocytes and Agranulocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defense against bacteria and fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of late cell wall synthesis, forms complexes with the carboxyl-terminal D-alanine residues of peptidoglycan precursors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella spp., and Fusobacterium necrophorum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penicillinase-resistant penicillins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococci, Anaerobes, Enterobacterales, and Pseudomonas (Pip/Taz only)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second Generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, liver injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penicillinase-resistant penicillins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary through feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E. coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus Mirabilis Haemophilus influenzae* Moraxella catarrhalis* Pasteurella multocida* Capnocytophaga spp. * Acinetobacter baumannii * More activity against all gram negatives, including more resistant E. coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteremia, cellulitis, pneumonia, nosocomial infections, bone and joint infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural penicillins, penicillinase-resistant penicillins, aminopenicillins, penicillin beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta-lactamase enzymes, efflux pumps, decreased outer membrane penetration, alteration of binding site</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, seizures (imipenem &gt; meropenem &gt; ertapenem).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aztreonam binds to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs), specifically PBP3, and inhibits cross-linking of peptidoglycan in the cell wall, leading to autolysis and cell death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The skin, lining of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific) immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, and cefiderocol are the treatment options for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fifth generation cephalosporins have the broadest activity of all cephalosporins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fifth generation cephalosporins have the best coverage of methicillin susceptible staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ceftiderocol, ceftazidime-avibactam, and ceftolozane-tazobactam are active against extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers