IIM Indore Introduction to Databases Quiz

Data redundancy, data inconsistency, data isolation, data integrity, concurrent access anomalies.

Data needs to be shared among different users and applications within an organization.

Data hierarchy helps in organizing data from general to specific levels, facilitating efficient data management and retrieval.

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and dependency.

Significant costs, especially for large companies, and potential risks include data migration challenges and system downtime.

To meet changing application needs, reduce lead times, lower development costs, share data elements, improve data quality, and control access to data.

Reduces duplication and increases integrity

Description of independent data to enable program-data

Entities, attributes, and relationships of an organization's information

Define, create, and maintain the database

Security system, integrity system, concurrency control system, recovery control system, user-accessible catalog, view mechanism

To organize data in a structured manner

File System design focuses on process/transformations, while Database Design focuses on data and their relationships.

For File System design: Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs). For Database Design: User view analysis, data definition and description, and Normalization.

The traditional approach is basically used in transactions file system environment, while the modern approach is used in the database environment.

File System design is costly, time-consuming, and complex, while Database Design is less costly, less time-consuming, and simple.

For File System, the design needs to be modified when the process changes, while for DBMS, there is no need to modify the design when the process changes.

In File System, programmers are required, while in DBMS, users can write their programs using 4GLs with little help from system people.

File System design is more or less centralized, while DBMS design is more or less decentralized.

File System design places emphasis on 'how', while DBMS design places emphasis on 'what'.

The Database approach offers reduced problems, advantages of the database approach, program-data independence, planned data redundancy, improved data consistency, improved data sharing, increased application development productivity, and more.

Some risks include the need for new specialized personnel, installation and management cost and complexity, conversion costs, need for explicit backup and recovery, organizational conflict, centralized control, and currency issues.