Igneous Rocks and Magma Quiz
30 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is lava?

  • Magma that has not yet erupted
  • Flow on the surface (correct)
  • A type of solid rock
  • Molten rock found underground

Where is magma located?

  • In oceanic trenches
  • In the atmosphere
  • Beneath the surface (correct)
  • Above the Earth's surface

What is the process called that transforms molten rock into igneous rock?

  • Compaction
  • Metamorphosis
  • Solidification (correct)
  • Sedimentation

What role do volatiles play in magma?

<p>They are found in low amounts but are important for raw materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is igneous rock considered the primary rock?

<p>It was the first type of rock to form on Earth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between magma and lava?

<p>Magma is beneath the surface, while lava flows on the surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about molten rocks is accurate?

<p>Volatiles are found in low amounts in molten rocks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is magma primarily composed of?

<p>Hot liquid formed under high pressure and temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best defines igneous rocks?

<p>They originate from the cooling of molten rock. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the parent material of igneous rock?

<p>Magma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic size do hypabyssal rocks primarily exhibit?

<p>Medium grain size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do volcanic rocks typically solidify?

<p>On or near the surface (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly defines hypabyssal rocks?

<p>Igneous rocks that crystallized at intermediate depths (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes lava that has solidified near the Earth's surface?

<p>Volcanic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of both hypabyssal and volcanic rocks?

<p>Both are types of igneous rocks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics are associated with basic magma?

<p>Rich in Fe, Mg, Ca and low in SiO2, Na, K (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between cooling and igneous rock formation?

<p>Hypabyssal rocks are formed by cooling processes that occur underground. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes plutonic igneous rocks from volcanic igneous rocks?

<p>Plutonic rocks have coarser grains and are formed by cooling of magma beneath the surface. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is false regarding igneous rock classification?

<p>Plutonic rocks are typically fine-grained due to rapid cooling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'ultrabasics' refer to in igneous rocks?

<p>Igneous rocks derived from cooling basic magma. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does pegmatitic texture indicate about the formation of a rock?

<p>It crystallized in the final stages of magma cooling. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of environment is pegmatitic texture typically formed?

<p>In the presence of abundant water vapor and gases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the characteristics of rocks with pegmatitic texture?

<p>They have well-defined, large mineral grains. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implication does pegmatitic texture have on the geological history of the rock?

<p>It indicates a long period of cooling in a low-pressure environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the conditions under which pegmatitic textures are likely to form?

<p>High temperatures with high volatile content. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rock is an example of a dark-colored, high density pyroxene?

<p>Basalt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of ultra mafic rock in terms of silica content?

<p>Si &lt; 45 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following minerals is classified as felsic?

<p>Quartz (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Bowen's Reaction Series, which mineral is considered basic and low in silica?

<p>Olivine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the continuous series in Bowen's Reaction Series?

<p>Biotite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Igneous Rock

Molten rock that has cooled and solidified.

Magma

Very hot liquid rock that forms deep inside the Earth.

Primary Rock

The first type of rock formed on Earth.

Cooling

The process by which magma or lava cools and solidifies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Igneous Rock Formation

Refers to the process of igneous rock formation through the cooling and solidification of molten rock.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lava

Molten rock that flows on the Earth's surface.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Molten Rock

Rock in a liquid state, either on the surface (lava) or underground (magma).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Volatiles

Substances that easily turn into gas, such as water vapor or carbon dioxide, found in small amounts in molten rock.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Importance of Volatiles

Volatiles play a crucial role in shaping the composition of molten rock and contribute to volcanic eruptions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Basic igneous rock

Igneous rocks rich in iron, magnesium and calcium, and low in silica, sodium and potassium, resulting in a dark color and lower viscosity. These rocks are formed from basic magma, which is relatively low in silica content.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Plutonic Igneous Rock

Igneous rocks formed from magma beneath the Earth's surface, characterized by coarse grains and a crystalline structure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Volcanic Igneous Rock

Igneous rocks formed from lava that cools and solidifies on the Earth's surface. They are typically characterized by fine-grained or glassy textures due to rapid cooling.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypobyssal Igneous Rock

Igneous rocks formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the Earth's crust, but not deep enough to be considered plutonic. They have a medium grain size.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pegmatitic texture

A texture formed in the final stages of magma cooling, characterized by large crystals embedded in a fine-grained matrix.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metamorphism

The process of a rock changing its mineral composition and texture due to heat and pressure without melting.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pegmatite

A type of igneous rock characterized by large, easily visible crystals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Extrusive Igneous Rock

A type of igneous rock forming from quickly cooling lava on the Earth's surface.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intrusive Igneous Rock

A type of igneous rock forming from slowly cooling magma deep inside the Earth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypabyssal Rocks

Igneous rocks formed from magma that solidified at intermediate depths underground, resulting in medium-sized grains.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Volcanic Rocks

Rocks that crystallize from lava erupted from volcanoes and solidified on or near the Earth's surface, often showing a fine-grained texture.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Medium-Grained Texture

Describes igneous rocks that have a noticeably coarse, grainy texture due to slow cooling and large crystal growth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fine-Grained Texture

A type of igneous rock texture characterized by a relatively fine, compact structure, often resulting from rapid cooling.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Crystallization of Igneous Rocks

The process by which molten rock (magma or lava) cools and solidifies into solid igneous rock.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Felsic Igneous Rocks

Igneous rocks with a high silica content (SiO2) and are typically light in color. They are rich in potassium (K) and sodium (Na) and contain feldspars and quartz.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bowen's Reaction Series

The process of mineral crystallization in a cooling magma or lava. It involves the gradual formation of different minerals as the magma cools, which form in a specific order depending on their melting point.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mafic Igneous Rocks

Igneous rocks that have a lower silica content (SiO2) and are generally dark in color. They are rich in iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) and include minerals like olivine, pyroxene, and amphibole.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ultramafic Rocks

A type of igneous rock that is very rich in iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg), with a silica content less than 45%. They are often found in the Earth's mantle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Continuous Series

A continuous series in Bowen's Reaction Series, where the minerals have the same crystal structure (triclinic), but they have a gradual change in their chemical composition, mainly in the amount of sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) present.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Igneous Rocks

  • Rocks formed from cooled and solidified molten rock
  • Primary rocks, the first type formed on Earth
  • Magma: very hot liquid formed in the Earth's interior at high pressure and temperature
  • Parent material for igneous rocks.
  • Lava: molten rock that flows on the surface
  • Magma: molten rock beneath the surface

Types of Igneous Rocks

  • Volcanic (extrusive): Formed when lava cools quickly at the surface, resulting in small crystals.
  • Plutonic (intrusive): Formed when magma cools slowly beneath the surface, forming large crystals.
  • Hypabyssal: Intrusive rocks that crystallized at intermediate depths, resulting in medium-sized crystals.

Factors Affecting Texture and Crystal Size

  • Cooling rate: Slow cooling leads to larger crystals, while fast cooling produces smaller crystals.
  • Location: Cooling rate depends on the depth of magma emplacement
  • Amount of dissolved gases: Amount of gases influence the texture.

Types of Textures

  • Pegmatitic: Very coarse-grained texture formed during late stages of magma crystallization, high water vapor and gases content
  • Coarse-grained: A slow cooling rate creates large crystals like granite.
  • Fine-grained: Fast cooling at or near the surface such as basalt.
  • Glassy: Very rapid cooling that prevents mineral crystal formation, such as obsidian.
  • Vesicular: Texture with voids formed by gas bubbles escaping during magma cooling. Common in pumice and scoria.
  • Amygdaloidal: When minerals fill cavities or voids in the rock.
  • Trachytic: Mixture of coarse and fine-grained.

Chemical Composition

  • Acids: Characterized by felsic minerals (rich in feldspar and silica)
    • Light-colored; low density
    • High viscosity
    • Granite, Rhyolite
  • Basic: Characterized by mafic minerals (rich in magnesium and iron)
    • Dark-colored; high density
    • Low viscosity
    • Basalt, Gabbro
  • Intermediate: Combination of felsic and mafic minerals
    • Intermediate color; density between felsic and mafic
    • Andesite, Diorite

Bowen's Reaction Series

  • Series showing the sequence in which minerals crystallize from a cooling magma.
  • Shows how different minerals form at different temperatures during the cooling process of magma. Mineral formation follows a specific order.
  • Discontinuous: Different chemical composition.
  • Continuous: Same crystal structure.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Igneous Rocks: Formation, Types, and Classification PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on igneous rocks, magma, and lava with this quiz. Explore the differences between magma and lava, the process of igneous rock formation, and the characteristics of various types of igneous rocks. Perfect for geology enthusiasts and students!

More Like This

Igneous Rocks Overview
18 questions

Igneous Rocks Overview

SmartPansy avatar
SmartPansy
Igneous Rocks and Magma Quiz
13 questions

Igneous Rocks and Magma Quiz

ReputableTangent4657 avatar
ReputableTangent4657
Igneous Rocks and Their Formation
19 questions

Igneous Rocks and Their Formation

NiftySard6198 avatar
NiftySard6198
Geology Test 21: Igneous Rock and Magma
26 questions

Geology Test 21: Igneous Rock and Magma

GlisteningRadon avatar
GlisteningRadon
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser