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Questions and Answers
What is lava?
What is lava?
Where is magma located?
Where is magma located?
What is the process called that transforms molten rock into igneous rock?
What is the process called that transforms molten rock into igneous rock?
What role do volatiles play in magma?
What role do volatiles play in magma?
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Why is igneous rock considered the primary rock?
Why is igneous rock considered the primary rock?
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What is the primary difference between magma and lava?
What is the primary difference between magma and lava?
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Which statement about molten rocks is accurate?
Which statement about molten rocks is accurate?
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What is magma primarily composed of?
What is magma primarily composed of?
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Which characteristic best defines igneous rocks?
Which characteristic best defines igneous rocks?
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What defines the parent material of igneous rock?
What defines the parent material of igneous rock?
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What characteristic size do hypabyssal rocks primarily exhibit?
What characteristic size do hypabyssal rocks primarily exhibit?
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Where do volcanic rocks typically solidify?
Where do volcanic rocks typically solidify?
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Which statement correctly defines hypabyssal rocks?
Which statement correctly defines hypabyssal rocks?
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Which term describes lava that has solidified near the Earth's surface?
Which term describes lava that has solidified near the Earth's surface?
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What is a common feature of both hypabyssal and volcanic rocks?
What is a common feature of both hypabyssal and volcanic rocks?
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What characteristics are associated with basic magma?
What characteristics are associated with basic magma?
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Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between cooling and igneous rock formation?
Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between cooling and igneous rock formation?
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What distinguishes plutonic igneous rocks from volcanic igneous rocks?
What distinguishes plutonic igneous rocks from volcanic igneous rocks?
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Which statement is false regarding igneous rock classification?
Which statement is false regarding igneous rock classification?
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What does the term 'ultrabasics' refer to in igneous rocks?
What does the term 'ultrabasics' refer to in igneous rocks?
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What does pegmatitic texture indicate about the formation of a rock?
What does pegmatitic texture indicate about the formation of a rock?
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In what type of environment is pegmatitic texture typically formed?
In what type of environment is pegmatitic texture typically formed?
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Which statement accurately describes the characteristics of rocks with pegmatitic texture?
Which statement accurately describes the characteristics of rocks with pegmatitic texture?
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What implication does pegmatitic texture have on the geological history of the rock?
What implication does pegmatitic texture have on the geological history of the rock?
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Which of the following best describes the conditions under which pegmatitic textures are likely to form?
Which of the following best describes the conditions under which pegmatitic textures are likely to form?
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Which rock is an example of a dark-colored, high density pyroxene?
Which rock is an example of a dark-colored, high density pyroxene?
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What is the primary characteristic of ultra mafic rock in terms of silica content?
What is the primary characteristic of ultra mafic rock in terms of silica content?
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Which of the following minerals is classified as felsic?
Which of the following minerals is classified as felsic?
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In Bowen's Reaction Series, which mineral is considered basic and low in silica?
In Bowen's Reaction Series, which mineral is considered basic and low in silica?
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Which of the following is NOT part of the continuous series in Bowen's Reaction Series?
Which of the following is NOT part of the continuous series in Bowen's Reaction Series?
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Study Notes
Igneous Rocks
- Rocks formed from cooled and solidified molten rock
- Primary rocks, the first type formed on Earth
- Magma: very hot liquid formed in the Earth's interior at high pressure and temperature
- Parent material for igneous rocks.
- Lava: molten rock that flows on the surface
- Magma: molten rock beneath the surface
Types of Igneous Rocks
- Volcanic (extrusive): Formed when lava cools quickly at the surface, resulting in small crystals.
- Plutonic (intrusive): Formed when magma cools slowly beneath the surface, forming large crystals.
- Hypabyssal: Intrusive rocks that crystallized at intermediate depths, resulting in medium-sized crystals.
Factors Affecting Texture and Crystal Size
- Cooling rate: Slow cooling leads to larger crystals, while fast cooling produces smaller crystals.
- Location: Cooling rate depends on the depth of magma emplacement
- Amount of dissolved gases: Amount of gases influence the texture.
Types of Textures
- Pegmatitic: Very coarse-grained texture formed during late stages of magma crystallization, high water vapor and gases content
- Coarse-grained: A slow cooling rate creates large crystals like granite.
- Fine-grained: Fast cooling at or near the surface such as basalt.
- Glassy: Very rapid cooling that prevents mineral crystal formation, such as obsidian.
- Vesicular: Texture with voids formed by gas bubbles escaping during magma cooling. Common in pumice and scoria.
- Amygdaloidal: When minerals fill cavities or voids in the rock.
- Trachytic: Mixture of coarse and fine-grained.
Chemical Composition
-
Acids: Characterized by felsic minerals (rich in feldspar and silica)
- Light-colored; low density
- High viscosity
- Granite, Rhyolite
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Basic: Characterized by mafic minerals (rich in magnesium and iron)
- Dark-colored; high density
- Low viscosity
- Basalt, Gabbro
-
Intermediate: Combination of felsic and mafic minerals
- Intermediate color; density between felsic and mafic
- Andesite, Diorite
Bowen's Reaction Series
- Series showing the sequence in which minerals crystallize from a cooling magma.
- Shows how different minerals form at different temperatures during the cooling process of magma. Mineral formation follows a specific order.
- Discontinuous: Different chemical composition.
- Continuous: Same crystal structure.
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Description
Test your knowledge on igneous rocks, magma, and lava with this quiz. Explore the differences between magma and lava, the process of igneous rock formation, and the characteristics of various types of igneous rocks. Perfect for geology enthusiasts and students!
