Igneous Rocks and Magma Formation

Rocks that formed from a melt that cooled (other melted rocks)

Magma

Lava

<p>Underground</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Above ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quartz</p> Signup and view all the answers

<blockquote> <p>65%</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

<p>53-65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>45-52%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&lt;45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A line or surface on the Earth that connects two points of equal temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hot springs, geysers, fumaroles, and volcanic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The point at which certain minerals crystallize and melt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It describes the evolution of the plagioclase feldspars as they evolve from being calcium-rich to more sodium rich.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It describes the formation of the mafic minerals olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite mica.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magma with high silica content has a much higher viscosity than magma with low silica content.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rock from a higher pressure area rises to a lower pressure area and melts without a significant change in temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volatile substances, like water vapor, enter a rock, lowering its melting point, allowing it to melt at lower temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat from a hot rock moves into a cooler rock, melting it if the cooler rock reaches its melting point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A deep-seated intrusion of igneous rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A large pluton greater than 100 square kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mushroom or lens-shaped pluton</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dikes are tabular intrusions that cut across existing rock layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tabular, concordant pluton</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A volcanic center that has had an eruption of magnitude 8 on the Volcano Explosivity Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI) is a scale used to measure the relative explosivity of volcanic eruptions. A magnitude 8 eruption represents an eruption that releases more than 1,000 cubic kilometers of material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yellowstone Caldera</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volcanoes that form over exceptionally hot parts of the Earth's mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the overlying crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chain of volcanoes formed as a tectonic plate moves over a plume of hot mantle material</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have steep sides formed by alternating layers of thick, nonflowing lava and ash.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are small, steep-sided volcanic cones formed by the accumulation of small, solidified lava fragments ejected from a single vent during an eruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are gently sloping, wide volcanoes formed by very runny lava.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are characterized by ropey, smooth, or billowy surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have rough surfaces and thick interiors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formations that occur from lava erupting underwater and cooling quickly, causing a pillowy appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhyolitic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The breaking down of rocks where they are in place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The action of living organisms on rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of rock, soil, and dissolved material by agents like water, wind, or ice from one location to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of sediment by agents like wind, water, or ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lithification is the process by which sediments are compacted and cemented together to form sedimentary rock, while diagenesis is the chemical, biological, or physical process by which sedimentary rocks change after sediments are deposited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are classified by their mineral composition, rather than grain size</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the sea level rises relative to land, causing the sea to flood previously dry land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the sea level falls relative to land</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metamorphism transforms rocks into a much denser, more compact rock with different mineral compositions and textures, while diagenesis transforms sediment into sedimentary rock through dissolution or compaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schistosity and compositional banding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regional dynamothermal metamorphism occurs when rocks are exposed to high heat and pressure over large areas, while thermal or contact metamorphism occurs when rocks are heated by magma or other hot rocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The original rock, before undergoing metamorphosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High pressure, low temperature (200-500 degrees Celsius)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The zone surrounding an intrusion, which is a mass of igneous rock that solidified between other rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They typically do not have a plated texture and grow crystals in no particular direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers