Igneous Rocks and Isotopic Information Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the key factor in naming chemical sedimentary rocks?

  • The color of the rock
  • The presence of fossils in the rock
  • The minerals from which they are made (correct)
  • The location where the rock is found
  • Which mineral is predominantly found in limestones?

  • Calcite (correct)
  • Chalcedony
  • Halite
  • Gypsum
  • What is the defining characteristic of chalcedony?

  • Contains fossils
  • Large quartz grains visible to the naked eye
  • It is made up of halite
  • Microcrystalline quartz with tiny grains (correct)
  • How are biochemical sedimentary rocks formed?

    <p>With the help of past life like fossils or plant remains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does metamorphism refer to?

    <p>Transformation of rocks through heat and pressure without melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process is responsible for regional metamorphism?

    <p>Extreme pressure from overlying rock or compression from geologic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes foliated metamorphic rocks from unfoliated rocks?

    <p>Presence of layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are slate rocks able to break along parallel planes easily?

    <p>Preferred orientation of sheet silicates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rock type is sometimes used as the base for pool tables?

    <p>Slate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives phyllite rocks a bright, satiny luster?

    <p>Mica minerals replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of metamorphism can produce both quartz and marble?

    <p>Regional metamorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that prevents unfoliated rocks like quartz from becoming layered?

    <p>Lack of flat or elongate mineral shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rocks form from lava that cools rapidly on or near the Earth's surface?

    <p>Aphanitic igneous rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of igneous rocks have visible crystals due to slow cooling within the Earth?

    <p>Granitic (intrusive) igneous rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an extrusive igneous rock body that forms from a volcano known as?

    <p>Volcanic rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do extrusive igneous rocks have tiny crystals?

    <p>Because they make contact with the atmosphere and cool rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of igneous rocks cool slowly within the Earth's crust, allowing time for large crystals to form?

    <p>Granitic (intrusive) igneous rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of igneous rock has individual crystals that are not distinguishable to the naked eye?

    <p>Aphanitic igneous rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the factors that control metamorphism?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does deep burial affect rocks in terms of temperature?

    <p>It exposes the rock to high temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contact metamorphism primarily caused by?

    <p>Extreme heat from magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the chemical composition of most metamorphic rocks during metamorphism?

    <p>The atoms are rearranged into new mineral forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate temperature at which rocks experience metamorphism due to deep burial?

    <p>~200ºC (~400ºF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from temperature, what other major factor influences metamorphism?

    <p>Chemical composition of the protolith</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of metamorphic rock is characterized by visibly prominent, parallel sheets of mica?

    <p>Schist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metamorphic rock type usually forms at medium-high metamorphic grades?

    <p>Amphibolite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mineral is commonly found in schist besides micas?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does gneiss start to contain dark minerals like hornblende as metamorphic grade increases?

    <p>Due to the instability of sheet silicates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of metamorphic rock does not contain quartz?

    <p>Amphibolite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the foliation surfaces of phyllite from those of schist?

    <p>Irregular and wavy surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

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