IgE Mediated Allergies
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Questions and Answers

Which cells produce allergen specific IgE antibodies?

  • Basophils
  • Mast cells
  • B cells (correct)
  • T cells

    • What happens when IgE receptors on mast cells are crosslinked by allergen specific IgE antibodies?

  • Mast cells produce IgE antibodies
  • Mast cells undergo degranulation (correct)
  • Mast cells release their mediators
  • Mast cells become sensitized to the allergen

    • Which of the following symptoms are associated with mast cell mediators?

  • Red, itchy watery eyes
  • Sneezing, congestion, runny nose
  • Itchy or sore throat, post-nasal drip, cough
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the role of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in IgE-mediated allergies?

    <p>They bind to the surface of mast cells and basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical sequence of events in IgE-mediated allergies?

    <p>Allergen exposure, IgE production, mast cell degranulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for allergic rhinitis and urticaria?

    <p>Systemic H1 antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a use of H1 antagonists?

    <p>Treating anaphylactic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of death in anaphylactic shock?

    <p>Respiratory obstruction and/or cardiovascular collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the treatment of anaphylaxis?

    <p>Stopping administration of antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in the treatment of anaphylaxis?

    <p>Decreasing production of inflammatory mediators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides treating allergic rhinitis and urticaria, H1 antagonists are also used for which purposes?

    <p>Acting as anti-emetics and sedatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of adrenaline in the treatment of anaphylactic shock?

    <p>Producing vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is no longer recommended in routine treatment of anaphylaxis?

    <p>Glucocorticoids (e.g., hydrocortisone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of histamine release on the airways during anaphylactic shock?

    <p>Constriction of airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication can arise due to laryngeal edema during anaphylactic shock?

    <p>Suffocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of the widespread increase in vascular permeability during anaphylactic shock?

    <p>Loss of blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor does adrenaline primarily act on to cause vasoconstriction during anaphylaxis?

    <p>α1 adrenergic receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when adrenaline binds to the β2 adrenergic receptor during anaphylaxis?

    <p>Bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is primarily targeted by adrenaline to increase heart rate and contractility during the treatment of anaphylaxis?

    <p>β1 adrenergic receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conformational state does the H1 receptor tend towards in the basal state?

    <p>Active state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of histamine binding to the H1 receptor?

    <p>Shifts the equilibrium towards the active state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of H1 antagonists?

    <p>Inverse agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between histamine and antihistamine in terms of receptor activation?

    <p>Histamine is a full agonist, while antihistamine is an inverse agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of H1 antagonists on the equilibrium of the H1 receptor?

    <p>Shifts the equilibrium towards the inactive state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of H1 antagonists readily crosses the blood-brain barrier to block histaminergic actions in the CNS?

    <p>First generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of H1 antagonists is less selective for the H1 receptor and may bind to cholinergic, alpha-adrenergic, and serotonergic receptors?

    <p>First generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of H1 antagonists is more selective for the H1 receptor and less likely to bind to other receptors?

    <p>Second generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of topical H1 antagonists in terms of onset of action and administration frequency?

    <p>They have a more rapid onset of action and require multiple administrations each day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of H1 antagonists is associated with CNS depression (drowsiness) and dry mouth as adverse effects?

    <p>First generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which second-generation H1 antagonist is ionized at physiological pH and does not cross the BBB?

    <p>Cetirizine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take for oral H1 antagonists to reach peak plasma concentrations after administration?

    <p>2-3 hours after administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are most H1 antagonists metabolized?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is commonly associated with first-generation H1 antagonists?

    <p>Dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is NOT commonly associated with antihistamines?

    <p>Increased sweating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key mediator in atopy and anaphylaxis?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor antagonist is used to treat dyspepsia?

    <p>H2 receptor antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

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