IGCSE Biology - Transport in Plants
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Questions and Answers

What has caused the plant's appearance to change?

  • Water loss by translocation is greater than water uptake.
  • Water evaporating from the leaves by translocation.
  • Water loss from the leaves by osmosis.
  • Water loss by transpiration is greater than water uptake. (correct)

    • Which order below is correct in describing the pathway of water as it travels from the roots through a plant?

  • Root hair cell mesophyll cells phloem stomata
  • Root hair cell mesophyll cells xylem stomata
  • Root hair cell xylem air spaces mesophyll cells stomata
  • Root hair cell xylem mesophyll cells air spaces stomata (correct)

    • Which of the following is a correct explanation of the process of translocation in a plant?

  • The movement of sucrose and amino acids through the phloem from a source to a sink. (correct)
  • The movement of sucrose and amino acids through the phloem from a sink to a source.
  • The one-way movement of sucrose and amino acids through the phloem.
  • The movement of mineral ions through the xylem of a plant.

    • Which of the processes listed below would be involved in the loss of water from the tree?

    <p>Evaporation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement, relating to how a potometer works, is false?

    <p>The leaves of the plant in the potometer must be dry during the experiment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which labelled regions would be stained red in each case?

    <p>2 and 3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct explanation of the effect of root hairs on absorption?

    <p>Provide a large surface area, maximising the rate of absorption of water and ions by osmosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is/are involved in the loss of water from the leaves of plants?

    <p>1 and 4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be present in the liquid?

    <p>Amino acids (B), Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A decrease in which of the following factors would normally cause the transpiration rate to increase?

    <p>Humidity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental factor is most likely to be responsible for a plant to wilt?

    <p>A decrease in the amount of available water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following graphs correctly shows the relationship between the rate of transpiration and atmospheric humidity?

    <p>Rate of transpiration Humidity (A), Rate of transpiration Humidity (B), Rate of transpiration Humidity (C), Rate of transpiration Humidity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most likely readings on the spring balances after four days?

    <p>shoot A 40 shoot B 34 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant will have the lowest rate of transpiration?

    <p>17 40 151 16 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which row of the table below shows substances transported through the phloem and xylem, and the direction of transport, correctly?

    <p>sucrose and amino acids bi-directional (up and down) water and mineral ions bi-directional (up and down) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Xylem

    Vascular tissue responsible for water transport in plants.

    Phloem

    Vascular tissue that transports nutrients like sucrose and amino acids.

    Transpiration

    The process of water evaporating from leaves, causing water movement.

    Root Hair Cells

    Specialized cells on roots that absorb water and minerals.

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    Translocation

    Movement of sugars and nutrients through phloem from source to sink.

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    Potometer

    An instrument to measure transpiration rates in plants.

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    Stomata

    Tiny openings on leaves that allow gas exchange and transpiration.

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    Mesophyll Cells

    Tissue in leaves where photosynthesis occurs and gas exchange takes place.

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    Evaporation

    The process by which water changes from liquid to gas, important for transpiration.

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    Humidity

    The amount of water vapor in the air; affects transpiration rates.

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    Osmosis

    Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.

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    Condensation

    The process by which water vapor turns back into liquid water.

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    Amino Acids

    Building blocks of proteins, moved via phloem.

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    Sucrose

    A type of sugar transported in phloem during translocation.

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    Transpiration Stream

    Movement of water through a plant from roots to leaves due to transpiration.

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    Temperature's Effect on Transpiration

    Higher temperature increases the rate of transpiration in plants.

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    Wind Speed's Effect on Transpiration

    Higher wind speeds increase transpiration rate due to more air movement over leaves.

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    Photosynthesis

    Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose).

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    Root Absorption

    Process by which roots take up water and minerals from soil.

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    Water Cycle

    The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.

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    Plant Wilting

    Occurs when plants lose more water than they absorb, often due to drought.

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    Bi-directional Transport

    Transport that can go in both directions, applies to phloem.

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    Unidirectional Transport

    Transport that goes in one direction, applies to xylem.

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    Surface Area in Root Hairs

    Root hairs provide a larger area for absorption of water and nutrients.

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    Plant Stomatal Density

    Number of stomata per area on leaf; affects transpiration rate.

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    Transpiration Rate Factors

    Factors influencing how fast water evaporates from plants, including temperature and humidity.

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    Transport of Water Factors

    Processes that ensure water flows efficiently through xylem in plants, including evaporation and cohesion.

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    Plant Environmental Stress

    Signs of pressure on plants due to insufficient water, leading to wilt.

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    Study Notes

    IGCSE Biology - Transport in Plants

    • Plant Transport Systems: Plants have specialized tissues (xylem and phloem) for transporting water, mineral ions, and sugars.

    • Xylem: Transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the rest of the plants. Xylem is unidirectional.

    • Phloem: Transports sugars (primarily sucrose) produced during photosynthesis from sources (e.g., leaves) to sinks (e.g., roots, growing tissues). Phloem can transport in either direction.

    • Root Hair Cells: Increase the surface area of the root, enabling efficient absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

    • Transpiration: The loss of water vapor from leaves via the stomata.

    • Factors Affecting Transpiration Rate:

      • Temperature: Higher temperatures increase transpiration.
      • Humidity: Lower humidity increases transpiration.
      • Wind Speed: Higher wind speed increases transpiration.
      • Light Intensity: Higher light intensity usually increases transpiration if stomata are open.
      • Stomatal Density: The number of stomata affects the overall rate.

    • Transpiration Stream: The movement of water through the xylem driven by transpiration pull.

    • Potometer: A laboratory apparatus used to measure the rate of transpiration.

    • Translocation: The movement of sugars (sucrose, amino acids) through the phloem. This can occur in both directions.

    • Source: Location where sugars are produced or loaded into the phloem.

    • Sink: Location where sugars are used or stored.

    • Adaptations of Xylem Vessels:

      • Hollowed out cells to minimize resistance to water flow.
      • Lignified walls for support and to prevent collapsing under tension.
      • Pits allow water to move through laterally between cells.

    • Adaptations of Root Hair Cells:

      • Large surface area to increase water absorption.
      • Thin walls to facilitate osmosis.

    • Effect of Root Hairs: Root hairs maximize absorption of water and mineral ions by increasing the surface area of the root system.

    • Pathway of Water Absorption: Water travels from soil, through root hair cells, across the cortex, through the endodermis and vascular tissue to the xylem.

    • Water Uptake: Driven mainly by osmosis.

    • Minerals Uptake: Via diffusion driven by concentration differences.

    • Types of transport in plants: Passive transport includes osmosis , active transport involves ATP energy to move substances against a concentration gradient.

    • Water Loss and Wilting: Causes include high temperatures and low water availability. Wilting is a visible sign of insufficient water.

    Example Questions and Answers (from the provided documents)

    • What has caused the plant's appearance to change?

      • Water loss by transpiration greater than water uptake.

    • Which order below is correct in describing the pathway of water as it travels from the roots through a plant?

      • Root hair cell → xylem→ mesophyll cells → xylem → stomata

    • Which of the following is a correct explanation of the process of translocation in a plant?

      • The movement of sucrose and amino acids through the phloem from a source to a sink.

    • Processes involved in water loss

      • Diffusion
      • Evaporation

    • What is a potometer?

      • A device used to measure transpiration rate.

    • How can temperature affect transpiration?

      • Higher temperatures increase transpiration rates

    • Correctly Labelled regions for plant diagram -Regions 1 and 3 (for root)

      • Regions 1 and 4 (for stem)

    • Which environmental factor is most likely to be responsible for a plant to wilt?

      • A decrease in the amount of available water.

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    Related Documents

    IGCSE Cambridge (CIE) Biology Transport in Plants PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the transport systems within plants, specifically focusing on xylem and phloem. Explore concepts such as transpiration, root hair cells, and factors influencing water movement. This quiz is designed for IGCSE Biology students looking to deepen their understanding of plant physiology.

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