Airborne Hazardous Material Dispersion Quiz & Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

A subtle mistake in spelling can lead a responder toward a substantial misunderstanding of a product's behavior.

True

When should Awareness Level personnel handle or touch contaminated or potentially contaminated victims at hazmat incidents? (Select the correct answer)

They should not handle or touch contaminated victims (correct)

During technical and mass decontamination

Only to provide basic first aid

This will happen often during the course of their response actions

Which statement is true of hazmat incidents and atmospheric conditions? (Select the correct answer)

During the day, higher toxic concentrations may exist in a smaller area

Atmospheric conditions can significantly affect the size of a chemically hazardous area (correct)

Atmospheric conditions are not a significant factor in the size of a chemically hazardous area

At night, lower toxic concentrations may be spread over a larger area

When identifying a hazardous material transported by truck, a responder can locate shipping papers: (Select the correct answer)

Near the driver Signup and view all the answers

Safety data sheets: (Select the correct answer)

Can be acquired from the manufacturer of the material Signup and view all the answers

In which step of the APIE process do responders initially attempt to identify the hazardous materials involved? (Select one)

Step 1: Analyze the incident Signup and view all the answers

In which step of the APIE process do responders direct actions to reduce or eliminate the risks present at a hazardous materials incident? (Select one)

Step 3: Implement the response Signup and view all the answers

Substances that possess harmful characteristics are called:

Hazardous materials or dangerous goods Signup and view all the answers

A hazmat incident is an emergency involving:

A substance that poses an unreasonable risk to people, the environment, and/or property Signup and view all the answers

Why are hazmat incidents often more complex than other types of emergency incidents?

They often involve fires, explosions, and criminal or terrorist activity Signup and view all the answers

Short-term health effects that occur within hours or days of exposure are:

Acute Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common route of entry into the body for hazardous material?

Inhalation Signup and view all the answers

A nail puncturing your skin through a tear in your personal protective equipment would present the risk of hazardous materials entering your body through:

Injection Signup and view all the answers

Corrosives cause harm by:

Destroying or burning living tissue Signup and view all the answers

Mechanical energy, pressure, and radiation are examples of:

Energy release Signup and view all the answers

In general, which state of matter has the greatest mobility?

Gas Signup and view all the answers

A substance's state may change if the __________ changes.

temperature Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to detect where gases are or are not and where they may be going?

They have an undefined shape and volume and keep expanding if uncontained Signup and view all the answers

Why might liquids present a unique hazard to responders?

They may take on the additional characteristics of a gas by emitting vapors Signup and view all the answers

Entrapment is a hazard presented by:

Loose solids confined to large containers Signup and view all the answers

Which is true of the relationship between temperature and vapor pressure?

The higher the temperature of a substance, the higher the vapor pressure will be. Signup and view all the answers

A (An) __________ can occur when a liquid within a container is heated, causing the material inside to boil or vaporize.

BLEVE Signup and view all the answers

Why might it be important for responders to consider weather patterns and temperature changes when mitigating a hazmat incident?

A solid may change to a liquid if heated sufficiently, making it more difficult to control Signup and view all the answers

A vapor density of less than one indicates that the vapor:

Is lighter than air Signup and view all the answers

Miscibility describes:

The ability of two or more gases or liquids to mix with or dissolve into each other Signup and view all the answers

The ability of a chemical to remain in the environment refers to its:

Persistence Signup and view all the answers

Odors should not be used to determine safe or unsafe areas because:

Some highly toxic products may cause significant damage at a concentration below the odor threshold Signup and view all the answers

The flash point of a material is the:

Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid Signup and view all the answers

The temperature at which a liquid fuel produces sufficient vapors to support combustion once the fuel is ignited is known as the:

Fire point Signup and view all the answers

At concentrations lower than the LEL, a mixture is:

Too lean to burn Signup and view all the answers

A common sign of exposure to a base is:

A greasy or slick feeling of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to explain the basic components of many chemical reactions?

Reactivity triangle Signup and view all the answers

Small amounts of radiation received over a long period of time are known as a(an):

Chronic dose Signup and view all the answers

Where are first responders most likely to be exposed to biological agents used as weapons?

Terrorist attacks Signup and view all the answers

GEMBO is a model used to:

Describe how hazardous materials are accidentally released from their containers and how they behave after that release Signup and view all the answers

Hazardous materials container stress is caused by:

Thermal, chemical, and mechanical energy Signup and view all the answers

The stress experienced by containers is influenced by the material's:

State of matter Signup and view all the answers

A breach:

Occurs when a container is stressed beyond its limits of recovery Signup and view all the answers

What type of dispersion pattern involves an irregularly shaped pattern of an airborne hazardous material where wind and/or topography influences the downrange course from the point of release?

Plume Signup and view all the answers

Factors such as the hazards present, the concentration of the material, and the duration of contact should be considered when evaluating the:

Severity of exposures Signup and view all the answers

Energy release, corrosivity, and toxicity are the three:

Mechanisms of harm Signup and view all the answers

In general, _________ often equates to safety when hazmat identification is involved.

distance Signup and view all the answers

The shapes of different hazardous materials containers and packaging:

Can provide helpful information about the materials inside Signup and view all the answers

Hazardous materials containers are often classified according to their transportation mode and:

Capacity Signup and view all the answers

Cargo tanks, railcars, and portable tanks are examples of which packaging type?

Bulk packaging Signup and view all the answers

Rounded, almost spherical ends indicate what type of container?

Pressure container Signup and view all the answers

If other containers are involved in a wreck or derailment with cryogenic containers, leaks from cryogenic containers may cause the:

Failure of other containers due to cold stress Signup and view all the answers

A container with V-shaped sloping sides with bottom outlets is likely carrying:

Solids Signup and view all the answers

Excepted, Industrial, Type A, Type B, and Type C packaging are examples of:

Radioactive materials containers Signup and view all the answers

The Emergency Response Guidebook can be used by first responders to determine appropriate initial response information at a hazmat incident, provided they know the material's:

Four-digit identification number Signup and view all the answers

A container with multiple hazardous materials placards indicates that:

More than one hazard is present Signup and view all the answers

Hazardous materials may be transported without placards when:

They are in small-quantity packages Signup and view all the answers

Explosives placards list the:

Division number and compatibility group letter Signup and view all the answers

Which hazard class is involved in most hazmat incidents?

Class 3: Flammable liquids Signup and view all the answers

The primary hazard associated with poisons, poison inhalation hazards, and infectious substances is:

Toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which hazardous materials marking system promotes common, consistent criteria for classifying chemicals according to their health, physical, and environmental hazards?

Globally Harmonized System Signup and view all the answers

Why might the Emergency Response Guidebook be of limited value in its application at fixed-facility locations?

It is primarily designed for use at incidents occurring on a highway or railroad Signup and view all the answers

In which section of the ERG would responders look for container profiles?

White pages Signup and view all the answers

In order to locate the most specific initial action guide, responders should use the substance's four-digit ID number or:

Chemical name Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the ERG includes information about how to use the guidebook?

White pages Signup and view all the answers

The yellow-bordered pages of the ERG can help first responders at a hazmat incident locate an initial action guide if they have identified the:

Four-digit UN identification number Signup and view all the answers

Green highlighting indicates that a material:

Is a toxic inhalation hazard Signup and view all the answers

A 'P' following the Guide number indicates that the material:

Polymerizes Signup and view all the answers

Which section provides an index of dangerous goods in alphabetical order by material name?

Blue-bordered pages Signup and view all the answers

Why do responders need to be careful about spelling when using the blue-bordered pages of the ERG?

The manufacturers' names listed in the pages may be very similar Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

APIE Process

Step 1 involves analyzing the incident to identify hazardous materials.
Step 3 focuses on implementing the response to reduce or eliminate risks.

Hazardous Materials

Substances with harmful characteristics are classified as hazardous materials or dangerous goods.
A hazmat incident poses unreasonable risks to people, the environment, and property.

Complexity of Hazmat Incidents

Hazmat situations are complex due to the potential for fires, explosions, and criminal activity.

Health Effects

Short-term health effects from exposure are classified as acute.
Common entry route for hazardous materials into the body is inhalation.

Chemical Interactions

Corrosives harm by destroying or burning tissue.
Mechanical energy, pressure, and radiation are forms of energy release.

States of Matter

Gases have the greatest mobility among states of matter and can change state based on temperature.

Gaseous Hazards

Gases are difficult to detect due to their undefined shape and volume, expanding if uncontained.
Liquids can emit vapors, presenting inhalation hazards like gases.

Energy and Container Safety

Temperature impacts vapor pressure; higher temperatures lead to higher vapor pressures.
A BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) can occur when liquid within containers is heated.

Exposure Factors

Evaluation of exposure severity includes hazards present, concentration, and contact duration.
Energy release, corrosivity, and toxicity are the primary mechanisms of harm.

Safety Practices

Distance often equates to safety during hazmat identification.
Container shapes can provide valuable information about contents.

Packaging Types

Hazardous materials are classified by transportation mode and capacity; bulk packaging includes cargo tanks and railcars.

Emergency Response

The Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) assists responders with initial action information based on the four-digit identification number.
Misclassification or dual placarding may indicate multiple hazards are present.

Radioactive Materials

Radioactive material containers include Various packaging types like Excepted and Type A, B, and C.

Exposure Monitoring

Responders must be cautious when handling contaminated victims; Awareness Level personnel must not handle them.
Atmospheric conditions significantly influence the scope of chemically hazardous areas.

Safety Data Sheets

Safety data sheets provide critical hazard information and can be obtained from manufacturers.

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Description

Test your knowledge of hazardous materials response using the APIE process from IFSTA Chapter 24. These flashcards cover key concepts and steps responders should take during incidents. Perfect for those studying firefighting and emergency response protocols.

IFSTA Chapter 24 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

A subtle mistake in spelling can lead a responder toward a substantial misunderstanding of a product's behavior.

When should Awareness Level personnel handle or touch contaminated or potentially contaminated victims at hazmat incidents? (Select the correct answer)

Which statement is true of hazmat incidents and atmospheric conditions? (Select the correct answer)

When identifying a hazardous material transported by truck, a responder can locate shipping papers: (Select the correct answer)

Safety data sheets: (Select the correct answer)

In which step of the APIE process do responders initially attempt to identify the hazardous materials involved? (Select one)

In which step of the APIE process do responders direct actions to reduce or eliminate the risks present at a hazardous materials incident? (Select one)

Substances that possess harmful characteristics are called:

A hazmat incident is an emergency involving:

Why are hazmat incidents often more complex than other types of emergency incidents?

Short-term health effects that occur within hours or days of exposure are:

What is the most common route of entry into the body for hazardous material?

A nail puncturing your skin through a tear in your personal protective equipment would present the risk of hazardous materials entering your body through:

Corrosives cause harm by:

Mechanical energy, pressure, and radiation are examples of:

In general, which state of matter has the greatest mobility?

A substance's state may change if the __________ changes.

Why is it difficult to detect where gases are or are not and where they may be going?

Why might liquids present a unique hazard to responders?

Entrapment is a hazard presented by:

Which is true of the relationship between temperature and vapor pressure?

A (An) __________ can occur when a liquid within a container is heated, causing the material inside to boil or vaporize.

Why might it be important for responders to consider weather patterns and temperature changes when mitigating a hazmat incident?

A vapor density of less than one indicates that the vapor:

Miscibility describes:

The ability of a chemical to remain in the environment refers to its:

Odors should not be used to determine safe or unsafe areas because:

The flash point of a material is the:

The temperature at which a liquid fuel produces sufficient vapors to support combustion once the fuel is ignited is known as the:

At concentrations lower than the LEL, a mixture is:

A common sign of exposure to a base is:

What can be used to explain the basic components of many chemical reactions?

Small amounts of radiation received over a long period of time are known as a(an):

Where are first responders most likely to be exposed to biological agents used as weapons?

GEMBO is a model used to:

Hazardous materials container stress is caused by:

The stress experienced by containers is influenced by the material's:

A breach:

What type of dispersion pattern involves an irregularly shaped pattern of an airborne hazardous material where wind and/or topography influences the downrange course from the point of release?

Factors such as the hazards present, the concentration of the material, and the duration of contact should be considered when evaluating the:

Energy release, corrosivity, and toxicity are the three:

In general, _________ often equates to safety when hazmat identification is involved.

The shapes of different hazardous materials containers and packaging:

Hazardous materials containers are often classified according to their transportation mode and:

Cargo tanks, railcars, and portable tanks are examples of which packaging type?

Rounded, almost spherical ends indicate what type of container?

If other containers are involved in a wreck or derailment with cryogenic containers, leaks from cryogenic containers may cause the:

A container with V-shaped sloping sides with bottom outlets is likely carrying:

Excepted, Industrial, Type A, Type B, and Type C packaging are examples of:

The Emergency Response Guidebook can be used by first responders to determine appropriate initial response information at a hazmat incident, provided they know the material's:

A container with multiple hazardous materials placards indicates that:

Hazardous materials may be transported without placards when:

Explosives placards list the:

Which hazard class is involved in most hazmat incidents?

The primary hazard associated with poisons, poison inhalation hazards, and infectious substances is:

Which hazardous materials marking system promotes common, consistent criteria for classifying chemicals according to their health, physical, and environmental hazards?

Why might the Emergency Response Guidebook be of limited value in its application at fixed-facility locations?

In which section of the ERG would responders look for container profiles?

In order to locate the most specific initial action guide, responders should use the substance's four-digit ID number or:

Which section of the ERG includes information about how to use the guidebook?

The yellow-bordered pages of the ERG can help first responders at a hazmat incident locate an initial action guide if they have identified the:

Green highlighting indicates that a material:

A 'P' following the Guide number indicates that the material:

Which section provides an index of dangerous goods in alphabetical order by material name?

Why do responders need to be careful about spelling when using the blue-bordered pages of the ERG?

Study Notes

APIE Process

Hazardous Materials

Complexity of Hazmat Incidents

Health Effects

Chemical Interactions

States of Matter

Gaseous Hazards

Energy and Container Safety

Exposure Factors

Safety Practices