IFRS 17 保险合同测量
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Questions and Answers

保险合同测量的主要目标是什么？

  • 增加保险公司的现金流入。
  • 减少保险合约的风险调整。
  • 为保险合同建立一致的测量标准。 (correct)
  • 简化保险合同的会计处理。

    • 以下哪一项是一般模型的关键组成部分？

  • 未来现金流的现值。 (correct)
  • 预期的市场回报率。
  • 合同的初始成本。
  • 保险索赔的历史数据。

    • 转换要求中，哪种方法允许一些实践上的便利措施？

  • 公允价值方法。
  • 修改后的追溯性方法。 (correct)
  • 完全追溯性方法。
  • 前瞻性估计方法。

    • 调整的风险对现金流的影响是什么？

    <p>提供现金流的不确定性调整。</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IFRS 17对净收入的影响主要是什么？

    <p>可能导致波动性增加。</p> Signup and view all the answers

    在财务报表的展示和披露中，哪些信息是必需的？

    <p>保险合同产生的风险的性质和程度。</p> Signup and view all the answers

    合同服务边际（CSM）反映的是什么？

    <p>未赚取的利润。</p> Signup and view all the answers

    保险合同收入确认的主要变化是什么？

    <p>在服务提供时确认。</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of market fluctuations on insurance contracts as defined by IFRS 17?

    <p>Increased volatility in profit and loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the modified retrospective approach differ from the full retrospective approach under IFRS 17?

    <p>It allows some concessions and simplifications for prior periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must entities disclose upon transitioning to IFRS 17 in relation to financial statements?

    <p>Qualitative and quantitative information about the impact of the transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach allows for measurement at fair value for onerous contracts under IFRS 17?

    <p>Fair value approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact can changes in profit timing have according to IFRS 17?

    <p>Affects profitability ratios and performance metrics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the Premium Allocation Approach under IFRS 17?

    <p>Revenue recognized over the coverage period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which financial statement presentation requirement is specific to the Contractual Service Margin (CSM)?

    <p>It must be presented as a separate line item.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of the Risk Adjustment on financial statements?

    <p>It increases liabilities due to uncertainty compensation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under IFRS 17, how are profits recognized in relation to insurance services?

    <p>As insurance services are delivered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measurement model is typically used for contracts with direct links to underlying items?

    <p>Variable Fee Approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main impact of IFRS 17 on revenue recognition?

    <p>Revenue timing aligns with services rendered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key requirement for the disclosure of insurance contracts under IFRS 17?

    <p>Qualitative information about risk exposure must be included.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does IFRS 17 enhance comparability across insurers?

    <p>Through standardized measurement and presentation of insurance contracts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    IFRS 17

    Insurance Contract Measurement

    • Objective: Establish consistent measurement for insurance contracts.
    • Measurement Models:
      • General Model: Based on the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for risk and a contractual service margin (CSM).
      • Premium Allocation Approach (PAA): Simplified model for short-term contracts; recognizes revenue as premiums are earned.
    • Cash Flow Components:
      • Future cash inflows (premiums).
      • Future cash outflows (claims, benefits).
      • Risk adjustment for uncertainty in cash flows.
    • Contractual Service Margin (CSM): Represents unearned profit; recognized as the service is provided.

    Transition Requirements

    • Transition Approaches:
      • Full retrospective approach: Apply IFRS 17 as if it had always been in effect.
      • Modified retrospective approach: Allow certain practical expedients.
      • Fair value approach: For contracts not measurable under previous standards.
    • Key Considerations:
      • Entities must reassess previous assumptions and methodologies.
      • Disclosures on the transition impact are required for users to understand changes.

    Effects On Profit And Loss

    • Revenue Recognition: Changes in timing; revenue recognized as services are provided rather than at policy inception.
    • Impact on Net Income: May lead to volatility due to the recognition of CSM and changes in estimates.
    • Profit Profile: Recognizes profits over the coverage period rather than upfront, smoothing profit recognition.

    Presentation And Disclosure

    • Total comprehensive income: Must separately show profit or loss and other comprehensive income.
    • Disclosure Requirements:
      • Information on the nature and extent of risks arising from insurance contracts.
      • Detailed reconciliations of CSM and liabilities.
      • Quantitative disclosures about the sensitivity of the insurance liabilities to changes in key assumptions.

    Impact On Financial Statements

    • Balance Sheet:
      • Liabilities for insurance contracts will be recognized at present value of expected cash flows.
      • Introduction of CSM will affect the equity section.
    • Income Statement:
      • Revenue and expenses are recognized based on the service provided rather than cash received or paid.
      • Potential for increased volatility in reported earnings.
    • Comparability: Enhanced comparability across entities and jurisdictions as all adopt IFRS 17 standards.

    保险合同计量

    • 目标：建立保险合同的一致性计量。
    • 计量模型：
      • 一般模型：基于未来现金流的现值，调整风险和合同服务边际（CSM）。
      • 保费分配方法（PAA）：针对短期合同的简化模型；按保险费收入确认收入。
    • 现金流成分：
      • 未来现金流入（保费）。
      • 未来现金流出（索赔、福利）。
      • 现金流不确定性的风险调整。
    • 合同服务边际（CSM）：代表未赚取的利润；随着服务的提供而确认。

    转型要求

    • 转型方法：
      • 完全追溯法：将IFRS 17视为一直有效。
      • 修改后的追溯法：允许特定实用方法。
      • 公允价值法：针对在之前标准下无法计量的合同。
    • 关键考虑事项：
      • 实体需重新评估以前的假设和方法论。
      • 需披露转型影响，以便用户理解变化。

    对损益的影响

    • 收入确认：确认时间发生变化；收入在服务提供时确认，而非在保单生效时。
    • 净收入影响：由于CSM的确认和估计变化可能导致波动。
    • 利润特征：在承保期间确认利润，而非一次性确认，从而平滑利润确认。

    披露与呈现

    • 全面收入总额：必须分别显示利润或损失与其他综合收入。
    • 披露要求：
      • 保险合同所产生的风险的性质和程度的信息。
      • CSM和负债的详细对账。
      • 量化披露保险负债对关键假设变化的敏感性。

    对财务报表的影响

    • 资产负债表：
      • 保险合同负债将按预期现金流的现值确认。
      • CSM的引入将影响权益部分。
    • 损益表：
      • 按服务提供的基础确认收入和费用，而非按现金收到或支付。
      • 报告盈利的波动性可能增加。
    • 可比性：随着所有实体采用IFRS 17标准，各实体和地区的可比性提升。

    保险合同计量

    • 一般计量模型：
      • 基于三部分框架：
        • 履行现金流：预计未来现金流，针对时间价值和金融风险进行调整。
        • 合同服务边际 (CSM)：代表未实现利润，随着服务的提供逐步确认。
        • 风险调整：为现金流估计中的不确定性提供补偿。
    • 保费分配方法：
      • 适用于短期合同（如非寿险）的简单模型。
      • 在保险覆盖期间确认收入。
    • 可变费用方法：
      • 针对与基础项目直接相关的合同（如投资联动保险）。
      • CSM根据基础项目的公允价值变化进行调整。

    报表呈现与披露

    • 资产负债表：
      • 区分与保险合同相关的资产和负债。
      • 要求将CSM作为单独项目列示。
    • 损益表：
      • 收入基于提供的服务确认，而非保费的收取。
      • 直接与保险合同相关的费用纳入其中。
    • 披露要求：
      • 提供合同的定量和定性信息。
      • 风险曝光和管理策略的相关信息。
      • 计量时采用的重要判断和估计。

    对财务报表的影响

    • 资产与负债：
      • 由于CSM和风险调整可能导致负债增加。
      • 资产负债表上风险曝光的透明度提升。
    • 收入确认：
      • 收入确认时机的变化，与提供的服务保持一致。
    • 可比性：
      • 因标准化的计量和呈现，增强了保险公司间的可比性。

    对盈亏的影响

    • 利润确认：
      • 利润随着服务的交付确认，而非保费的收取。
      • 随着保险服务的执行，CSM转换为损益。
    • 波动性：
      • 由于市场波动可能引发的潜在盈亏波动，尤其涉及基础项目和风险调整。
    • 关键比率的影响：
      • 利润时机的变化可能影响盈利能力比率和绩效指标。

    过渡要求

    • 生效日期：
      • IFRS 17于2023年1月1日生效。
    • 过渡方法：
      • 完整追溯方法：要求完全按IFRS 17应用，仿佛它一直被应用。
      • 修改后的追溯方法：允许对前期进行一些宽容和简化。
      • 公允价值方法：对于亏损合同，允许按公允价值计量。
    • 过渡时的披露：
      • 实体必须披露有关过渡对财务报表影响的定性和定量信息。
    • 比较信息：
      • 可能需要对以前期间的数据进行重述或过渡披露，以助于可比性。

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    Description

    本测验旨在建立保险合同的一致测量方法，包括一般模型和保费分配方法（PAA）。您将了解未来现金流的组成部分及其对保险合约财务报表的影响。

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