Questions and Answers
保险合同测量的主要目标是什么？
以下哪一项是一般模型的关键组成部分？
转换要求中，哪种方法允许一些实践上的便利措施？
调整的风险对现金流的影响是什么？
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IFRS 17对净收入的影响主要是什么？
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在财务报表的展示和披露中，哪些信息是必需的？
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合同服务边际（CSM）反映的是什么？
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保险合同收入确认的主要变化是什么？
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What is a potential consequence of market fluctuations on insurance contracts as defined by IFRS 17?
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How does the modified retrospective approach differ from the full retrospective approach under IFRS 17?
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What must entities disclose upon transitioning to IFRS 17 in relation to financial statements?
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Which approach allows for measurement at fair value for onerous contracts under IFRS 17?
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What impact can changes in profit timing have according to IFRS 17?
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What characterizes the Premium Allocation Approach under IFRS 17?
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Which financial statement presentation requirement is specific to the Contractual Service Margin (CSM)?
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What is the primary effect of the Risk Adjustment on financial statements?
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Under IFRS 17, how are profits recognized in relation to insurance services?
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Which measurement model is typically used for contracts with direct links to underlying items?
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What is the main impact of IFRS 17 on revenue recognition?
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What is a key requirement for the disclosure of insurance contracts under IFRS 17?
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How does IFRS 17 enhance comparability across insurers?
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Study Notes
IFRS 17
Insurance Contract Measurement
- Objective: Establish consistent measurement for insurance contracts.
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Measurement Models:
- General Model: Based on the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for risk and a contractual service margin (CSM).
- Premium Allocation Approach (PAA): Simplified model for short-term contracts; recognizes revenue as premiums are earned.
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Cash Flow Components:
- Future cash inflows (premiums).
- Future cash outflows (claims, benefits).
- Risk adjustment for uncertainty in cash flows.
- Contractual Service Margin (CSM): Represents unearned profit; recognized as the service is provided.
Transition Requirements
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Transition Approaches:
- Full retrospective approach: Apply IFRS 17 as if it had always been in effect.
- Modified retrospective approach: Allow certain practical expedients.
- Fair value approach: For contracts not measurable under previous standards.
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Key Considerations:
- Entities must reassess previous assumptions and methodologies.
- Disclosures on the transition impact are required for users to understand changes.
Effects On Profit And Loss
- Revenue Recognition: Changes in timing; revenue recognized as services are provided rather than at policy inception.
- Impact on Net Income: May lead to volatility due to the recognition of CSM and changes in estimates.
- Profit Profile: Recognizes profits over the coverage period rather than upfront, smoothing profit recognition.
Presentation And Disclosure
- Total comprehensive income: Must separately show profit or loss and other comprehensive income.
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Disclosure Requirements:
- Information on the nature and extent of risks arising from insurance contracts.
- Detailed reconciliations of CSM and liabilities.
- Quantitative disclosures about the sensitivity of the insurance liabilities to changes in key assumptions.
Impact On Financial Statements
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Balance Sheet:
- Liabilities for insurance contracts will be recognized at present value of expected cash flows.
- Introduction of CSM will affect the equity section.
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Income Statement:
- Revenue and expenses are recognized based on the service provided rather than cash received or paid.
- Potential for increased volatility in reported earnings.
- Comparability: Enhanced comparability across entities and jurisdictions as all adopt IFRS 17 standards.
保险合同计量
- 目标：建立保险合同的一致性计量。
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计量模型：
- 一般模型：基于未来现金流的现值，调整风险和合同服务边际（CSM）。
- 保费分配方法（PAA）：针对短期合同的简化模型；按保险费收入确认收入。
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现金流成分：
- 未来现金流入（保费）。
- 未来现金流出（索赔、福利）。
- 现金流不确定性的风险调整。
- 合同服务边际（CSM）：代表未赚取的利润；随着服务的提供而确认。
转型要求
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转型方法：
- 完全追溯法：将IFRS 17视为一直有效。
- 修改后的追溯法：允许特定实用方法。
- 公允价值法：针对在之前标准下无法计量的合同。
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关键考虑事项：
- 实体需重新评估以前的假设和方法论。
- 需披露转型影响，以便用户理解变化。
对损益的影响
- 收入确认：确认时间发生变化；收入在服务提供时确认，而非在保单生效时。
- 净收入影响：由于CSM的确认和估计变化可能导致波动。
- 利润特征：在承保期间确认利润，而非一次性确认，从而平滑利润确认。
披露与呈现
- 全面收入总额：必须分别显示利润或损失与其他综合收入。
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披露要求：
- 保险合同所产生的风险的性质和程度的信息。
- CSM和负债的详细对账。
- 量化披露保险负债对关键假设变化的敏感性。
对财务报表的影响
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资产负债表：
- 保险合同负债将按预期现金流的现值确认。
- CSM的引入将影响权益部分。
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损益表：
- 按服务提供的基础确认收入和费用，而非按现金收到或支付。
- 报告盈利的波动性可能增加。
- 可比性：随着所有实体采用IFRS 17标准，各实体和地区的可比性提升。
保险合同计量
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一般计量模型：
- 基于三部分框架：
- 履行现金流：预计未来现金流，针对时间价值和金融风险进行调整。
- 合同服务边际 (CSM)：代表未实现利润，随着服务的提供逐步确认。
- 风险调整：为现金流估计中的不确定性提供补偿。
- 基于三部分框架：
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保费分配方法：
- 适用于短期合同（如非寿险）的简单模型。
- 在保险覆盖期间确认收入。
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可变费用方法：
- 针对与基础项目直接相关的合同（如投资联动保险）。
- CSM根据基础项目的公允价值变化进行调整。
报表呈现与披露
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资产负债表：
- 区分与保险合同相关的资产和负债。
- 要求将CSM作为单独项目列示。
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损益表：
- 收入基于提供的服务确认，而非保费的收取。
- 直接与保险合同相关的费用纳入其中。
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披露要求：
- 提供合同的定量和定性信息。
- 风险曝光和管理策略的相关信息。
- 计量时采用的重要判断和估计。
对财务报表的影响
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资产与负债：
- 由于CSM和风险调整可能导致负债增加。
- 资产负债表上风险曝光的透明度提升。
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收入确认：
- 收入确认时机的变化，与提供的服务保持一致。
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可比性：
- 因标准化的计量和呈现，增强了保险公司间的可比性。
对盈亏的影响
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利润确认：
- 利润随着服务的交付确认，而非保费的收取。
- 随着保险服务的执行，CSM转换为损益。
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波动性：
- 由于市场波动可能引发的潜在盈亏波动，尤其涉及基础项目和风险调整。
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关键比率的影响：
- 利润时机的变化可能影响盈利能力比率和绩效指标。
过渡要求
-
生效日期：
- IFRS 17于2023年1月1日生效。
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过渡方法：
- 完整追溯方法：要求完全按IFRS 17应用，仿佛它一直被应用。
- 修改后的追溯方法：允许对前期进行一些宽容和简化。
- 公允价值方法：对于亏损合同，允许按公允价值计量。
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过渡时的披露：
- 实体必须披露有关过渡对财务报表影响的定性和定量信息。
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比较信息：
- 可能需要对以前期间的数据进行重述或过渡披露，以助于可比性。
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Description
本测验旨在建立保险合同的一致测量方法，包括一般模型和保费分配方法（PAA）。您将了解未来现金流的组成部分及其对保险合约财务报表的影响。
