IEDs, FLN, and Assassination Techniques

• To qualify as a selective assassination, it must have taken advantage of the victim's spatial-temporal opportunities, go unnoticed as a personal or economic assassination, and present evidence of intent to coerce, intimidate, threaten, or send a message to a larger audience than the immediate victims.
• The FLN of Algiers introduced suicide terrorists, women delivering weapons or IEDs due to their less suspicious profile, and explosive devices.
• Kinetic energy that propels and displaces cells of soft tissue causes penetrating trauma, cavitation, and massive hemorrhage

IED Explosions

• Crushing injuries from collapsing structures in IED explosions are classified as tertiary, quaternary, and secondary injuries.

Zulo

• A "zulo" is a strategy used by ETA as a system to socialize suffering through low-intensity actions; it is a small underground cell used by ETA to hold its kidnapped victims or as a clandestine warehouse, and an incendiary explosive device used by ETA in the kale borroka.
• Works like Sergei Nechayev's Revolutionary Catechism suggested the assassination of capitalist masses, selective attacks on government elites, and the abolition of private property.
• ETA's intensive use of explosive devices includes the assassination of ertzaina Iñaki Totorika, best described as a limpet bomb.
• In cases of terrorist transnationalization where sanctuaries appear, the most favorable scenario is a strong host state and a weak target state.
• Individual jihadists or lone wolves are integrated into networked organizations without physical ties, only ideological ones

Suicide Attacks

• One of the specificities of suicide attacks in confined spaces is the increase in primary injuries due to the containment of the shock wave, the increase in secondary injuries due to the containment of the expansive wave and fragmentation of materials in the space, and the appearance of quaternary injuries due to the containment of the expansive wave at high temperatures.
• The third wave of terrorism introduces extortion and ransom of hostages, whether people or property, incidents with multiple victims, and the selective assassination of high-profile political figures.
• Semi-automatic weapons, more powerful and easier to conceal, were introduced by the various national liberation terrorist groups, constituting a change in the patterns of attack and injury.
• A tactic used recurrently by the Islamic State in cities such as Aleppo and Mosul consisted of both options being correct: the use of booby-traps had the dual function of preventing the flight of residents and the advance of the armed forces against ISIS, booby-trapping homes, barracks, furniture, to hinder cleaning and consolidation tasks in the framework of counterinsurgency operations and landmine fields and rubble areas to prevent the flight of the population.
• Firearm injuries to the extremities are less frequent due to the smaller surface area, but can lead to exsanguinating hemorrhages.
• The attack on the Zaragoza barracks-house, perpetrated by ETA, is associated with the category attack on groups and infrastructures.
• Much of al-Qaeda's learning as an insurgency in Iraq, in terms of manufacturing and using explosives, comes from lessons learned in the M-21 and M-14, belonging to the Mukhabarat or Iraqi intelligence service, lessons learned from Afghanistan, and lessons learned in clashes with security forces in contexts such as the II Palestinian Intifada.
• National liberation terrorism advocates incidents with multiple intentional victims, mainly through the use of explosives; it uses automatic weapons as a means of indiscriminate violence and is careful with the selection of objectives that are legitimate.
• A precedent for the doctrine of martyrdom is found in Shiite Islam, during the war between Iran and Iraq, when units of suicide bombers were created to attack Iraqi positions and for landmine clearance, formed by young people who died en masse during these operations.
• Of the following options, the one that can be considered a tactical target of suicide terrorism in jihadism is to cause the greatest possible number of casualties, collapsing the emergency and response system.
• Of the following types of IEDs, the one that has not been habitually used by ETA is a mine hidden on a transport route.
• In an explosion, injury patterns such as penetrating trauma are associated with primary injuries
• In the concept of revolutionary terrorism coined by Martha Crenshaw, the variable of the overthrow of a government or established power as an ultimate end is introduced.
• The concept of "leaderless resistance" was coined by Louis Beam.
• A type of explosive device common in Iraq and Afghanistan, especially used in attacks on battle tanks and armored vehicles, is the EFP or Explosively Formed Projectile or Penetrator.
• Of the following options, the one considered a roadmap by the white supremacist movement is The Turner Diaries.
• Airplane hijacking is ideologically circumscribed within the framework of attacks against Western economic interests.
• Of the following options, a high-energy weapon is a rifle.
• After September 11, al-Qaeda must modify its suicide terrorism strategy in the selection of targets, moving from large security measures to soft targets.
• Of the following cases, the one that constitutes a case of white supremacist terrorism is the Car Bomb in the Alfred Murrah Federal Building of Oklahoma City.
• Terrorist waves are associated with disruptive or revolutionary ideologies, predominant in a historical moment, which have a period of growth, boom, and decline
• The first phase of the terrorist planning cycle is the broad selection of objectives
• Selective assassinations carried out by Jewish terrorist groups in the British Mandate of Palestine sought to socialize terror and put the Jewish cause on the international agenda
• The British Mandate of Palestine originally saw national liberation terrorism
• Islam, as a theocratic system, is based on the principle of Tawhid or unity of God; it proscribes the creation of states and any other internal, political, or social division, considered as an attack against the Islamic community governed by the principle of Tawhid
• A common tactic used by al-Qaeda in scenarios such as Iraq and Afghanistan to prevent the movements of Western forces was the use of IEDs as Western convoys passed to secure them at a point, where, as the force reorganized, they could be subjected to secondary attacks with snipers, indirect fire, or secondary devices.
• The League of Nations conceived terrorism from an entirely penal perspective
• Suicide terrorism is considered a variant of IEDs as a form of "intelligent bomb", in the sense of quality of deployment - by the terrorist himself - allows to carry out at the time he considers the most propitious situation in terms of location, potential number of victims or guarantees of success.
• Being the doctrine of ishtishaddia a doctrine of Shiite Islam, it is introduced into Sunni Islam through al-Qaeda.
• Selective assassinations are facilitated by both permissive social bases with terrorist activities options are correct
• The political-rational school points out that terrorism as the use of violence is a conscious, rational, and calculated option through a decision-making process carried out by organizations.