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Questions and Answers

What are the three types of emulsions?

  • Permanent (correct)
  • Temporary (correct)
  • Semi-permanent (correct)
  • Plastic

What is the basic ratio and formula of ingredients for mayonnaise?

1 egg yolk, 1 tsp cider vinegar, 1 tsp water, ½ tsp prepared mustard, pinch of sugar, 8 oz neutral salad oil, 1 tsp lemon juice.

Describe the technique for preparing mayonnaise.

Combine yolks, vinegar, and mustard in a bowl. Whisk until foamy, gradually add oil until smooth and thick.

What is the basic ratio and formula of ingredients for hollandaise?

<p>2 oz white wine vinegar, ½ tsp black pepper, 2 oz water, 4 egg yolks, 12 oz melted or clarified butter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the technique for preparing hollandaise.

<p>Whisk egg yolks, salt, and lemon juice, place over simmering water, whisk until thick, gradually add butter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are emulsions formed?

<p>By breaking up dispersed liquids into the smallest particles, using force to counteract surface tension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause hollandaise emulsions to break?

<p>Butter being too hot or cold, added too fast, overcooked or undercooked eggs, incorrect temperature holding, insufficient water, or overworking the sauce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause mayonnaise emulsions to break?

<p>Oil added too quickly, too much oil with insufficient water, or overworking the sauce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can broken emulsions (cold) be fixed?

<p>Gradually whisk the broken mayonnaise into water; if that fails, start new mayonnaise with yolks and liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can broken emulsions (warm) be fixed?

<p>Gradually whisk the broken hollandaise into water; if unsuccessful, cook more yolks and combine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Emulsions Description

  • Three types of emulsions:
    • Temporary: Simple mixtures like oil and vinegar (3:1 ratio).
    • Semi-permanent: Includes a stabilizer, e.g., dijon mustard in vinaigrettes.
    • Permanent: Uses lecithin as an emulsifier, e.g., mayonnaise and hollandaise.

Mayonnaise Ingredients and Ratio

  • Essential components:
    • 1 egg yolk (1 oz pasteurized)
    • 1 tsp cider vinegar
    • 1 tsp water
    • ½ tsp prepared mustard
    • Optional: Pinch of sugar
    • 8 oz neutral salad oil
    • 1 tsp lemon juice

Mayonnaise Preparation Technique

  • Combine egg yolks, vinegar, and mustard; whisk until foamy.
  • Gradually add oil in a thin stream while whisking continuously to achieve smooth and thick consistency.

Hollandaise Ingredients and Ratio

  • Key ingredients:
    • 2 oz white wine vinegar
    • ½ tsp black pepper (mignonette)
    • 2 oz cool water
    • 4 egg yolks
    • 12 oz melted or clarified butter (3 oz per yolk)

Hollandaise Preparation Technique

  • Whisk egg yolks, salt, and lemon juice together.
  • Cook over simmering water, whisking until thickened and ribbons form from the whisk.
  • Gradually incorporate butter while whisking until thickened.

Formation of Emulsions

  • Emulsions form when immiscible liquids combine under force, overcoming surface tension.
  • Tools: Hand whisk, mixing machine with whisk, blender to create small dispersed particles.

Causes for Emulsion Breakdown (Hollandaise)

  • Temperature issues with butter (too hot or cold).
  • Butter added too quickly.
  • Overcooked or undercooked eggs.
  • Improper temperature maintenance for the sauce.
  • Insufficient water content.
  • Overworking due to excessive stirring.

Causes for Emulsion Breakdown (Mayonnaise)

  • Excessively quick oil addition.
  • Imbalance in oil and water content.
  • Overworking after ingredient ratio is correct.

Fixing Broken Emulsions (Cold)

  • Gradually whisk broken mayonnaise into a small amount of water in a clean bowl.
  • If unsuccessful, start a fresh mayonnaise with egg yolks and incorporate the broken sauce, adjusting oil as needed.

Fixing Broken Emulsions (Warm)

  • Gradually whisk broken hollandaise into a small amount of water (adjust temperature based on the sauce) in a clean bowl.
  • If that fails, cook additional egg yolks, mix in the broken sauce, and adjust with more butter or water as needed.

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