Identity and Data Ethics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What aspect of selfhood does identity include?

Only how one sees oneself

A collection of favorite activities

How society perceives and treats an individual (correct)

Only gender and race

What does the GDPR define as 'personal data'?

Only demographic information

Data that cannot identify an individual

Any information that identifies or can identify a natural person (correct)

Data collected from public records only

Which of the following is an example of biometric data?

Web search history

Facial measurements (correct)

Social media likes

Bank account balances

What does inference in data collection refer to?

Estimating information based on existing data Signup and view all the answers

What type of data is described as 'accumulated through the living of ordinary life'?

Personal data Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects a life-shaping aspect of identity?

Cultural background and education Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the notion of 'positionality' in identity?

It is how society sees and treats an individual Signup and view all the answers

What type of data includes things like tweets and location coordinates?

Observed data Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary shift mentioned regarding the political economy of data?

Balance shifts from academic to corporate contexts Signup and view all the answers

What does Haraway emphasize is necessary for a better understanding of different communities?

An earth-wide network of connections Signup and view all the answers

Which question pertains to the dominant ways of knowing that AI uses?

What are the affordances and limits of ways of knowing with AI? Signup and view all the answers

In discussing self-knowledge, what aspect of AI's influence is questioned?

How AI constructs knowledge about oneself Signup and view all the answers

What did Ms. Ortiz imply about the data used by AI-generating tools?

Data utilized should belong to the original creators Signup and view all the answers

What sentiment does Ms. Ortiz express about her relationship with her data?

It is intertwined with her identity Signup and view all the answers

What overarching theme does the content suggest about AI and human understanding?

AI complicates the understanding of identity Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as a potential drawback of IA systems when it comes to knowledge construction?

They sometimes overlook power dynamics Signup and view all the answers

What concern did a man express about his identity after using a brain stimulator for depression?

He was unsure whether his actions were influenced by the device or his condition. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'personal data' refer to?

Data derived from persons and data informing persons. Signup and view all the answers

According to the context of genetic information, who is considered the owner of that data?

The person from whom the data is derived. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of Rex Tilousi's statement regarding blood and identity?

Confusion arises when personal identity contradicts biological data. Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a common practice in AI's role in learning and knowledge-making?

Student-teacher relationships Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the brain stimulator discussed in a focus group mentioned?

2016 Signup and view all the answers

Who is the photographer of the first portrait photograph taken in 1839?

Robert Cornelius Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the critique of the 'end of theory' perspective?

Data is inherently selective and theory-laden. Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is associated with the notion of 'new empiricism' in AI and data analysis?

Induction over deduction Signup and view all the answers

What does the confusion expressed by the man who used a brain stimulator relate to?

His social interactions. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the brain stimulator used by the individual in the focus group?

To treat depression. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishing feature is attributed to 'Big Data'?

High volume, variety, and velocity Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant aspect of how data is viewed in various contexts?

The value of data can significantly change based on its context. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of the approach taken by AI in analysis, according to the provided content?

Prediction and correlation over causal understanding Signup and view all the answers

According to the discussion, what challenges the notion of the 'end of theory'?

The subjective nature of data interpretation Signup and view all the answers

What key realization is presented about biological knowledge as we advance in understanding?

Increasing data makes models less applicable to biological explanation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of personal data according to the GDPR?

Information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person Signup and view all the answers

Why is personal data considered to matter?

It informs personhood and is derived from individual behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What does 'informational personhood' refer to?

An understanding of one’s identity based on genetic information and data Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a question regarding personal data rights?

What is its economic value? Signup and view all the answers

What is one concern related to the treatment of personal data?

That individuals are treated as mere data points Signup and view all the answers

What can be considered context-dependent in the realm of personal data?

What counts as personal data Signup and view all the answers

What role does reverse-image search technology play according to Caine Ardayfio?

It helps individuals understand data ownership and control Signup and view all the answers

What can bad actors do with personal data?

Scrape websites and use technologies like LLMs Signup and view all the answers

What impact does the storytelling of elders have on future generations?

It enhances cultural continuity. Signup and view all the answers

What assertion did Edmond Tilousi make regarding the tribe's rights?

Their sovereignty comes from their history linked to the canyon. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of collecting 'human materials' according to historical projects?

People are seen as data and reduced to mere information. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'quantified self' refer to in the context provided?

Tracking personal data for self-improvement. Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of social scientists during the 20th century regarding personal information?

To create data banks of subjective experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What was imagined through the 'fantasy of total information'?

The collection of both trivial and significant information. Signup and view all the answers

What does engaging with a chatbot trained on personal diaries potentially lead to?

A dialogue with one's inner feelings and thoughts. Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'fantasy of total information' imply about personal data collection?

It believes all information can be useful for improvement. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Artificial Intelligence & Human Values

Lecture 4 focused on "Knowing Humans, Knowing Selves"
Explored the intersection of AI and human values, specifically self-knowledge and identity.

2024 Nobel Prize in Physics

John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton won the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics
Their work focused on foundational discoveries and inventions that facilitate machine learning with artificial neural networks.
Hopfield developed associative memory for storing and reconstructing patterns in data.
Hinton invented a method for automatically identifying properties in data, enabling tasks like image recognition.

Managing extreme Al risks amid rapid progress

This article discusses the need for proactive governance of AI development.
Authors highlight the importance of technical research, development, and adaptive governance to manage the extreme risks related to AI.

Al in learning and knowledge-making

AI in learning and knowledge-making has influenced how people think.
The role of student-teacher relationships.
Existing dominant forms of knowing were also re-evaluated.

The Data Science: The 4th Paradigm for Scientific Discovery

Data science is a new paradigm in scientific discovery.
It combines theory, experiment, and computation with data.
It leverages data exploration and mining from various sources, including instruments, sensors, and humans.
The paradigm emphasizes distributed communities for data analysis.

"Back" to the age of Computation?

Discussion about the evolution of technology, from the stone age through the data age to the age of computation.
The current emphasis on computation, and its potential impact on research.
Current projects and research related to this field.
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for synthetic data and complex tasks, raising ethical questions.

"The End of Theory"

The article argues that the abundance of data allows for pattern recognition where traditional theories fail to provide explanations in the study of complex phenomena.
This suggests that analysis of large datasets may reveal new insights that were previously undiscovered.

A “new empiricism”

This section highlights a new approach to empirical work.
Data analysis focuses on complete data, not just samples.
Emphasis on prediction and correlation over causal explanations.
New patterns undetectable by humans can emerge through AI/ML analysis.

Critique of "end of theory"

Data collection is inherently selective.
Data is inherently biased, or theory-laden.
Data collection methodologies used must be investigated.
Data analysis always involves interpretation.

Big Data, Al and conditions of knowledge at-large

"Big Data" is a sociotechnical fact, characterized by high volume, variety, and velocity.
There's also a conceptual aspect to "Big Data" as a methodology.
It emphasizes imaginary world schemas.
Different contexts (academic, corporate) determine data valuations and usage.

insist on a better account of the world

The article emphasizes the need to construct a more inclusive and ethical approach to understanding the world.
It critiques current ways of organizing knowledge.
Knowledge is related to power relationships and domination.

Situated Al?

Domain-specific AI
Reproducibility (in AI)
Transparency in AI systems
The importance of local contexts and power imbalances in the design of AI systems

Dominant ways of knowing

How does AI depend on different ways of knowing?
How are these ways of knowing integrated within disciplines?
Evaluation of AI's affordances and limitations in different disciplines.
Need for ethical consideration in AI processes.

Questions for today's lecture

AI role in building personal knowledge.
History of self-knowledge through technology
Incorporating the human element into AI design.

Quantified Self and conversing with chatbots

Use of AI to analyze personal experiences, including childhood journals.

Projects animated by

Emphasis on data collection, and the desire to turn subjective information into something objective (better, healthier, more efficient).

Lessons from historical projects

The practice of gathering "human materials" reduces individuals to data.

De-identification / Re-identification

De-identification techniques are not always reliable.
Data can be re-identified using various methods.

Key Takeaways (I)

Personal data is any data relating to an identifiable person.
Personal data is central to understanding individuals.
The meaning of personal data depends on the context.

Changing personhood: Consolidation of "informational personhood"

AI projects shape the way individuals understand themselves in a complex world.
Individuals are affected by AI projects.
Individuals are subject to influence from institutions that collect data.
There are also rights that must be considered when individuals are collected as data.

Coming Up

Future lessons focus on dreams, nightmares, and the interplay between humans and computers.

Personal data

Definition of personal data by GDPR
What counts as personal data in different contexts.
Importance of sources of personal data (e.g., individuals, bodies, behaviors)
Personal data informs personhood.
Personal data collection and analysis depends on context (history, culture, legalities, technology).

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Description

Explore the intricate relationship between identity and data in this thought-provoking quiz. Delve into concepts like GDPR, personal data, and the effects of AI on selfhood and positionality. Test your understanding of how identity shapes and is shaped by data in the digital age.