Identity and Data Ethics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What aspect of selfhood does identity include?

  • Only how one sees oneself
  • A collection of favorite activities
  • How society perceives and treats an individual (correct)
  • Only gender and race

What does the GDPR define as 'personal data'?

  • Only demographic information
  • Data that cannot identify an individual
  • Any information that identifies or can identify a natural person (correct)
  • Data collected from public records only

Which of the following is an example of biometric data?

  • Web search history
  • Facial measurements (correct)
  • Social media likes
  • Bank account balances

What does inference in data collection refer to?

<p>Estimating information based on existing data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data is described as 'accumulated through the living of ordinary life'?

<p>Personal data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects a life-shaping aspect of identity?

<p>Cultural background and education (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the notion of 'positionality' in identity?

<p>It is how society sees and treats an individual (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data includes things like tweets and location coordinates?

<p>Observed data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary shift mentioned regarding the political economy of data?

<p>Balance shifts from academic to corporate contexts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Haraway emphasize is necessary for a better understanding of different communities?

<p>An earth-wide network of connections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which question pertains to the dominant ways of knowing that AI uses?

<p>What are the affordances and limits of ways of knowing with AI? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In discussing self-knowledge, what aspect of AI's influence is questioned?

<p>How AI constructs knowledge about oneself (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Ms. Ortiz imply about the data used by AI-generating tools?

<p>Data utilized should belong to the original creators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sentiment does Ms. Ortiz express about her relationship with her data?

<p>It is intertwined with her identity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What overarching theme does the content suggest about AI and human understanding?

<p>AI complicates the understanding of identity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as a potential drawback of IA systems when it comes to knowledge construction?

<p>They sometimes overlook power dynamics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concern did a man express about his identity after using a brain stimulator for depression?

<p>He was unsure whether his actions were influenced by the device or his condition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'personal data' refer to?

<p>Data derived from persons and data informing persons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the context of genetic information, who is considered the owner of that data?

<p>The person from whom the data is derived. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of Rex Tilousi's statement regarding blood and identity?

<p>Confusion arises when personal identity contradicts biological data. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a common practice in AI's role in learning and knowledge-making?

<p>Student-teacher relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the brain stimulator discussed in a focus group mentioned?

<p>2016 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the photographer of the first portrait photograph taken in 1839?

<p>Robert Cornelius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the critique of the 'end of theory' perspective?

<p>Data is inherently selective and theory-laden. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is associated with the notion of 'new empiricism' in AI and data analysis?

<p>Induction over deduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the confusion expressed by the man who used a brain stimulator relate to?

<p>His social interactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the brain stimulator used by the individual in the focus group?

<p>To treat depression. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishing feature is attributed to 'Big Data'?

<p>High volume, variety, and velocity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant aspect of how data is viewed in various contexts?

<p>The value of data can significantly change based on its context. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of the approach taken by AI in analysis, according to the provided content?

<p>Prediction and correlation over causal understanding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the discussion, what challenges the notion of the 'end of theory'?

<p>The subjective nature of data interpretation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key realization is presented about biological knowledge as we advance in understanding?

<p>Increasing data makes models less applicable to biological explanation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of personal data according to the GDPR?

<p>Information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is personal data considered to matter?

<p>It informs personhood and is derived from individual behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'informational personhood' refer to?

<p>An understanding of one’s identity based on genetic information and data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a question regarding personal data rights?

<p>What is its economic value? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one concern related to the treatment of personal data?

<p>That individuals are treated as mere data points (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be considered context-dependent in the realm of personal data?

<p>What counts as personal data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does reverse-image search technology play according to Caine Ardayfio?

<p>It helps individuals understand data ownership and control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can bad actors do with personal data?

<p>Scrape websites and use technologies like LLMs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does the storytelling of elders have on future generations?

<p>It enhances cultural continuity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assertion did Edmond Tilousi make regarding the tribe's rights?

<p>Their sovereignty comes from their history linked to the canyon. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of collecting 'human materials' according to historical projects?

<p>People are seen as data and reduced to mere information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'quantified self' refer to in the context provided?

<p>Tracking personal data for self-improvement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of social scientists during the 20th century regarding personal information?

<p>To create data banks of subjective experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was imagined through the 'fantasy of total information'?

<p>The collection of both trivial and significant information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does engaging with a chatbot trained on personal diaries potentially lead to?

<p>A dialogue with one's inner feelings and thoughts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'fantasy of total information' imply about personal data collection?

<p>It believes all information can be useful for improvement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Identity (in the context of data)

The unique aspects of a person's self, shaped by factors like gender, race, class, and experiences. It's how they see themselves and how society sees them.

GDPR 'Personal data'

Any information related to a specific, identifiable person. This can be anything from their name to their online activity.

Allocative harms

Damages caused by the unequal distribution of resources or opportunities due to data-driven decisions.

Representational harms

Damages that arise when data systems misrepresent or distort a person's identity or experiences.

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Biometrics

Data derived from the human body, used to identify or authenticate someone. It includes both physical traits and behavioral patterns.

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Personal data examples

Data directly linked to individuals, including demographics, bank records, medical records, web browsing history, location data, and more.

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Data beyond human data

Content created by individuals, like artwork or writings, that can be considered personal data.

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Data as identity: How does personal data connect to our sense of self?

Personal data is not just information; it shapes our identities and how we are perceived by others in the digital world.

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The Nobel Prize in Physics, 2024

Awarded to John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton for their groundbreaking contributions to the field of Artificial Intelligence. They are recognized for their work on neural networks and deep learning, revolutionizing how we understand and develop AI systems.

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Practices of how we think

The way we approach learning and knowledge acquisition, including our methods of thinking, analyzing information, and solving problems. This encompasses our cognitive strategies and approaches.

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Student-teacher relationships

The mutual influence between students and teachers, encompassing their interactions, learning processes, and relationships. It includes the dynamics of knowledge transfer, collaboration, and feedback.

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Dominant ways of knowing

The prevailing methods and approaches used to acquire and validate knowledge in a particular field or society. This includes dominant paradigms, accepted research methods, and prevailing beliefs about truth.

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Back to the age of Computation?

A question posed about the potential shift in scientific research back towards a focus on computer simulations and data analysis, potentially de-emphasizing traditional theoretical models.

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The End of Theory

A controversial idea suggesting that traditional scientific models and theories may become less important as massive datasets and AI algorithms become more prevalent, leading to a focus on pattern recognition and predictions rather than theoretical explanations.

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A “new empiricism”

A shift in scientific methodology that emphasizes inductive reasoning, large-scale data collection, and pattern discovery using AI algorithms, potentially de-emphasizing hypothesis testing and theoretical explanations.

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Data always selective

The notion that datasets are never complete or unbiased, inherently reflecting specific choices made during data collection, sampling, and classification, leading to potential limitations in understanding and interpretation.

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Situated AI

AI systems designed within specific domains, considering context and limitations. It emphasizes the need for connections across diverse communities and knowledge translation.

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Affordances and Limits of AI

The capabilities and constraints of AI within a specific discipline, considering its impact on knowledge production and understanding.

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Data as Artwork

The personal data generated by individuals can be viewed as a form of creative expression, reflecting their identities and experiences.

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Consent and Data Ownership

The ethical concerns surrounding the use of personal data by AI-generating tools, emphasizing the right to ownership and control over one's digital footprint.

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AI and Self-Knowledge

The role of AI in how people understand themselves and their identities, raising questions about the impact of technological tools on self-perception.

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Political Economy of Data

The study of power dynamics surrounding data collection, analysis, and ownership, examining how data impacts social, economic, and political structures.

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Shift from Academic to Corporate Context

The increasing role of corporations in influencing and shaping the development and application of AI technology, shifting the focus from academic research to commercial interests.

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Informational Person

An individual whose identity and experiences are increasingly defined and shaped by the vast amounts of personal data they generate and share.

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Aadhar Registration

The process of enrolling in India's unique identification system, Aadhar, which assigns a 12-digit number linked to biometric and demographic data.

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Genetic Information Ownership

The question of who has rights to genetic data - the person from whom it is derived or the scientist/organization that processes and analyzes it.

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Data-driven Identity

The idea that personal data can significantly shape our understanding of self, leading to questions about authenticity and identity.

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Personal Data

Information that can be used to identify or infer details about an individual, including personal information, behavioral data, and sensitive medical information.

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Data Ownership

The question of who has legal control over data generated by individuals, including the right to access, use, and share it.

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Derived From Persons

Personal data is directly linked to individuals and originates from their actions, interactions, or biological characteristics.

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Informing Persons

Personal data can be used to understand, analyze, or even predict an individual's behavior, preferences, and even health.

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Informational Personhood

The idea that personal data shapes our identity and how we are perceived in the digital world.

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What counts as personal data?

The definition of 'personal data' evolves depending on context like cultural norms, legal frameworks, and technological advances.

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Rights to personal data

The question of what rights individuals have to control their own personal data, including sharing, deletion, and access.

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Consolidation of 'Informational Personhood'

The increasing reliance on personal data to define who we are, shaping aspects like citizenship, self-understanding, and relationships with institutions.

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Reverse image search

A technology that allows users to find images similar to a given image, enabling people to better understand how their information is being used.

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LLMs (Large Language Models)

AI systems that process and generate human-like text, helping users understand how their information is being used and raising questions about content manipulation.

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Bad actors

Individuals or groups who misuse personal data for malicious purposes, such as identity theft, manipulation, or surveillance.

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Data as a Resource

The idea that human experiences, thoughts, and behaviors can be collected and analyzed as valuable information, potentially for profit or social engineering.

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Total Information Fantasy

The belief that collecting every aspect of human experience—even the mundane—will reveal something significant and actionable.

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Human Material

Viewing individuals as mere sources of data, reducing them to the information they provide.

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Quantified Self

The practice of using technology to track and analyze personal data, aiming to improve well-being or efficiency.

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Data and Subjectivity

The tension between capturing personal experiences objectively, often to manipulate or control those experiences.

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'Mining Subjectivities'

The process of extracting and analyzing personal data, particularly emotions, thoughts, and experiences, to understand and potentially influence individuals' behavior.

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Making the Subjective Objective

The process of transforming personal experiences, which are inherently subjective, into measurable data that can be analyzed and used for various purposes.

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Study Notes

Artificial Intelligence & Human Values

  • Lecture 4 focused on "Knowing Humans, Knowing Selves"
  • Explored the intersection of AI and human values, specifically self-knowledge and identity.

2024 Nobel Prize in Physics

  • John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton won the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics
  • Their work focused on foundational discoveries and inventions that facilitate machine learning with artificial neural networks.
  • Hopfield developed associative memory for storing and reconstructing patterns in data.
  • Hinton invented a method for automatically identifying properties in data, enabling tasks like image recognition.

Managing extreme Al risks amid rapid progress

  • This article discusses the need for proactive governance of AI development.
  • Authors highlight the importance of technical research, development, and adaptive governance to manage the extreme risks related to AI.

Al in learning and knowledge-making

  • AI in learning and knowledge-making has influenced how people think.
  • The role of student-teacher relationships.
  • Existing dominant forms of knowing were also re-evaluated.

The Data Science: The 4th Paradigm for Scientific Discovery

  • Data science is a new paradigm in scientific discovery.
  • It combines theory, experiment, and computation with data.
  • It leverages data exploration and mining from various sources, including instruments, sensors, and humans.
  • The paradigm emphasizes distributed communities for data analysis.

"Back" to the age of Computation?

  • Discussion about the evolution of technology, from the stone age through the data age to the age of computation.
  • The current emphasis on computation, and its potential impact on research.
  • Current projects and research related to this field.
  • Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for synthetic data and complex tasks, raising ethical questions.

"The End of Theory"

  • The article argues that the abundance of data allows for pattern recognition where traditional theories fail to provide explanations in the study of complex phenomena.
  • This suggests that analysis of large datasets may reveal new insights that were previously undiscovered.

A “new empiricism”

  • This section highlights a new approach to empirical work.
  • Data analysis focuses on complete data, not just samples.
  • Emphasis on prediction and correlation over causal explanations.
  • New patterns undetectable by humans can emerge through AI/ML analysis.

Critique of "end of theory"

  • Data collection is inherently selective.
  • Data is inherently biased, or theory-laden.
  • Data collection methodologies used must be investigated.
  • Data analysis always involves interpretation.

Big Data, Al and conditions of knowledge at-large

  • "Big Data" is a sociotechnical fact, characterized by high volume, variety, and velocity.
  • There's also a conceptual aspect to "Big Data" as a methodology.
  • It emphasizes imaginary world schemas.
  • Different contexts (academic, corporate) determine data valuations and usage.

insist on a better account of the world

  • The article emphasizes the need to construct a more inclusive and ethical approach to understanding the world.
  • It critiques current ways of organizing knowledge.
  • Knowledge is related to power relationships and domination.

Situated Al?

  • Domain-specific AI
  • Reproducibility (in AI)
  • Transparency in AI systems
  • The importance of local contexts and power imbalances in the design of AI systems

Dominant ways of knowing

  • How does AI depend on different ways of knowing?
  • How are these ways of knowing integrated within disciplines?
  • Evaluation of AI's affordances and limitations in different disciplines.
  • Need for ethical consideration in AI processes.

Questions for today's lecture

  • AI role in building personal knowledge.
  • History of self-knowledge through technology
  • Incorporating the human element into AI design.

Quantified Self and conversing with chatbots

  • Use of AI to analyze personal experiences, including childhood journals.

Projects animated by

  • Emphasis on data collection, and the desire to turn subjective information into something objective (better, healthier, more efficient).

Lessons from historical projects

  • The practice of gathering "human materials" reduces individuals to data.

De-identification / Re-identification

  • De-identification techniques are not always reliable.
  • Data can be re-identified using various methods.

Key Takeaways (I)

  • Personal data is any data relating to an identifiable person.
  • Personal data is central to understanding individuals.
  • The meaning of personal data depends on the context.

Changing personhood: Consolidation of "informational personhood"

  • AI projects shape the way individuals understand themselves in a complex world.
  • Individuals are affected by AI projects.
  • Individuals are subject to influence from institutions that collect data.
  • There are also rights that must be considered when individuals are collected as data.

Coming Up

  • Future lessons focus on dreams, nightmares, and the interplay between humans and computers.

Personal data

  • Definition of personal data by GDPR
  • What counts as personal data in different contexts.
  • Importance of sources of personal data (e.g., individuals, bodies, behaviors)
  • Personal data informs personhood.
  • Personal data collection and analysis depends on context (history, culture, legalities, technology).

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HS2024 Lecture 4 - Knowing Humans, Selves PDF

Description

Explore the intricate relationship between identity and data in this thought-provoking quiz. Delve into concepts like GDPR, personal data, and the effects of AI on selfhood and positionality. Test your understanding of how identity shapes and is shaped by data in the digital age.

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