Identifying Minerals and Igneous Rocks

Color/clarity, crystal form, luster, streak, hardness, cleavage, fractures

The mineral will scratch the streak plate and make a white streak of powder from the streak plate.

Looks like pages of a book, that split apart along flat sheets.

<p>Elongated prisms that fracture along short rectangular cross sections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shapes made of cubes and parts of cubes; if not at 90, shapes are made of rhombohedrons and parts of rhombohedrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tenacity, reaction to acid, striations, magnetism, specific gravity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rock (heated until liquefied) that exists in isolated bodies below Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A body of magma that pushes its way into Earth's crust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When magma intrudes into Earth's crust, it will eventually cool to form coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock comprised of visible mineral crystals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plutonic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bubbly magma which explodes out onto Earth's surface at volcanoes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When lava cools on Earth's surface, forming a fine-grained extrusive igneous rock which is comprised of tiny crystals and/or glass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volcanic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light colored minerals that usually refer to feldspars and other silica materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generally dark colored, usually refer to magnesium and iron in their chemical formulations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Felsic, Intermediate, Mafic, Ultramafic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pegmatitic, phaneritic, porphyritic, aphanitic, glassy, vesicular, pyroclastic/Fragmental.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quartz, Plagioclase Feldspar, Potassium Feldspar, Muscovite Mica, Biotite Mica, Amphibole, Pyroxene, Olivine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fine grained texture; rapid cooling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comprised of visible crystals (coarse-grained); magma cooled slowly which let crystals grow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Very coarse grained formed by intrusive event; very slow cooling rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Igneous rocks that have two distinct sizes of crystals; large crystals are called phenocrysts, and the smaller more numerous crystals are called the matrix; slow cooling followed by rapid cooling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When gas bubbles get trapped in cooling lava they are called vesicles; created extrusively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Composed of rocky materials that have been fragmented and/or ejected by explosive volcanic eruptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicates that a body of magma cooled slowly at first (to form the large crystals) and more rapidly later (to form the small crystals).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formed by rapid cooling and/or very poor nucleation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Naturally occurring 2) Usually inorganic 3) Definite chemical composition 4) Solid substance with specific crystalline structure 5) Distinctive physical properties.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>From molten rock 2) From solution 3) Within living cells 4) By recrystallization.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Euhedral = well developed faces, edges, corners 2) Subhedral = partially developed 3) Anhedral = no faces, edges, or corners.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers