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Questions and Answers
What risk is associated with small stature during pregnancy?
How does smoking during pregnancy affect the fetus?
What effect can drug addiction, particularly heroin, have on the baby?
Why does low socio-economic status pose risks during pregnancy?
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What is a common risk associated with unwed condition or marital status during pregnancy?
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How does past history of infertility affect pregnancy?
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What defines a high-risk pregnancy?
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Which demographic factor can be a cause of a high-risk pregnancy?
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What are some risks associated with maternal age under 18 years old?
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How does pre-pregnant weight under 90 lbs. affect pregnancy?
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What are potential consequences for women above 35 years old in pregnancy?
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Study Notes
High-Risk Pregnancy
- A pregnancy that jeopardizes the health of the woman, fetus, or both due to a concurrent disorder, complication, or external factor.
Factors that Categorize a Pregnancy as High-Risk
- Demographic factors (physical)
- Maternal habits (social)
- Maternal obstetric factors
Demographic Factors (Physical)
Maternal Age
- Under 18 years old: associated with socioeconomic factors, biological effects, and risks of low birth weight, anemia, and nutritional deficiencies.
- Above 35 years old: risk of menopause, difficulty accepting pregnancy, failure to progress in labor, chromosomal abnormalities, GDM, and pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Pre-Pregnant Weight
- Under 90 lbs: risk of underweight babies and small born babies.
- 150 lbs and above: increased chance of developing GDM, high blood pressure, and preeclampsia.
Height
- 5ft or less (1.5 meters): risk of small pelvis, resulting in shoulder dystocia, preterm and underweight babies.
Family History
- Risk of severe inherited disorders affecting the mother or child.
Maternal Habits (Social)
Smoking
- Risk of stillbirth, complications, behavioral problems, and intellectual disability.
Alcohol
- Risk of retardation, intellectual disabilities, and fetal alcohol syndrome.
Drug Addiction
- Heroin: meconium aspiration and fetal distress.
- Marijuana: risk of tachycardia.
- Methamphetamine: signs of jitteriness and poor feeding at birth.
- Cocaine: causes preterm labor or fetal death.
Food Fads
- Risk of low birth weight due to inadequate nutrition.
Low Socio-Economic Status
- Risk of poor nutrition, low birth rate, and inadequate prenatal care attendance.
Unwed Condition/ Marital Status
- Increased rate of preterm deliveries, low birth weight, and small for gestational age infants.
Poor Support System
- Lack of support and guidance affecting the family's ability to cope with stress.
Maternal Obstetric Factors
Past and Present History of Infertility
- Risk of miscarriage and stillbirth.
Primigravidity/ Grand Multiparity
- Primigravidity: risk of elderly primigravidity, worsening diseases (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, heart disease).
- Grand multiparity: risk of anemia, diabetes, placenta previa, and caesarean section.
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Description
Learn about high risk pregnancies that jeopardize the health of the mother, fetus, or both. Understand the factors that categorize a pregnancy as high risk, including demographic, psychological, and social aspects.
