Identifying Cognates and International Words
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Questions and Answers

What is a cognate?

  • A word that has different meanings across languages
  • A word with similar sound and meaning in different languages (correct)
  • A word adopted into multiple languages with little modification
  • A word that is borrowed from another language

    • Which of the following is an example of a false friend?

  • Embarrass: English for feeling ashamed
  • Gift: English for present (correct)
  • Café: French for coffee
  • Banque: French for bank

    • What characterizes international words?

  • They are derived from ancient languages
  • They maintain their original form across languages (correct)
  • They often have significant modifications when adopted
  • They are mostly related to cultural artifacts

    • Which of the following pairs of words represents a cognate?

    <p>Taxi: English and Italian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of loanwords, which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

    <p>Chocolate: Nahuatl and English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about false friends is accurate?

    <p>They can lead to misunderstandings due to different meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an international word?

    <p>Taxi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Loanwords are primarily related to which of the following?

    <p>Cultural exchanges and trade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cognates

    • Words that are similar in both sound and meaning across languages
    • Often due to shared Latin or Greek roots
    • Examples:
      • Captain: English, Spanish (capitán), French (capitaine), Italian (capitano)
      • Police: English, French (police), Spanish (policía), Italian (polizia)

    International Words

    • Words adopted into multiple languages with little or no modification
    • Often related to modern technology, science, or international communication
    • Examples:
      • Telephone: English, French (téléphone), Spanish (teléfono), Italian (telefono)
      • Computer: English, French (ordinateur), Spanish (computadora), Italian (computer)
      • Taxi: English, French (taxi), Spanish (taxi), Italian (tassi)

    Loanwords

    • Words borrowed from another language and incorporated into a language's vocabulary
    • Often related to cultural exchange, trade, or immigration
    • Examples:
      • Coffee: from Arabic (qahwa) to English, French (café), Spanish (café), Italian (caffè)
      • Chocolate: from Nahuatl (xocolatl) to English, French (chocolat), Spanish (chocolate), Italian (cioccolato)
      • Slogan: from Gaelic (sluagh-ghairm) to English, French (slogan), Spanish (eslogan), Italian (slogan)

    False Friends

    • Words that appear similar but have different meanings in different languages
    • Often lead to misunderstandings or miscommunication
    • Examples:
      • Bank: English (financial institution), German (bank) vs. French (banque), Spanish (banco)
      • Gift: English (present) vs. German (gift), Dutch (gift), Swedish (gift) meaning poison
      • Embarrass: English (to feel ashamed) vs. Spanish (embarazada), French (embarasser) meaning pregnant

    Cognates

    • Cognates are words that are similar in both sound and meaning across languages due to shared Latin or Greek roots.
    • Examples of cognates include "captain" (English, Spanish, French, Italian) and "police" (English, French, Spanish, Italian).

    International Words

    • International words are adopted into multiple languages with little or no modification.
    • These words are often related to modern technology, science, or international communication.
    • Examples of international words include "telephone" (English, French, Spanish, Italian), "computer" (English, French, Spanish, Italian), and "taxi" (English, French, Spanish, Italian).

    Loanwords

    • Loanwords are words borrowed from another language and incorporated into a language's vocabulary.
    • Loanwords often occur due to cultural exchange, trade, or immigration.
    • Examples of loanwords include "coffee" (from Arabic to English, French, Spanish, Italian), "chocolate" (from Nahuatl to English, French, Spanish, Italian), and "slogan" (from Gaelic to English, French, Spanish, Italian).

    False Friends

    • False friends are words that appear similar but have different meanings in different languages.
    • False friends can lead to misunderstandings or miscommunication.
    • Examples of false friends include "bank" (English financial institution vs. German, French, Spanish), "gift" (English present vs. German, Dutch, Swedish poison), and "embarrass" (English ashamed vs. Spanish pregnant, French embarrassed).

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    Description

    Learn to recognize words that share similar sounds and meanings across languages, including those adopted into multiple languages with little modification. Examples include captain and police. Test your knowledge of cognates and international words!

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