Identifying Acids and Bases Quiz

Acid-Base Chemistry

• When a base dissociates in water, OH- ions are released.
• Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is commonly found in the stomach.
• pH stands for "potential of hydrogen," which is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

Taste of Acids and Bases

• The characteristic taste of bases is bitter.
• Acids have a sour taste.

Determining Concentration of Acids and Bases

• The process of titration is used to determine the concentration of an acid or a base.

Reaction with Carbonates

• When an acid reacts with carbonates, carbon dioxide gas is produced.
• A limewater test is used to confirm the presence of carbon dioxide gas.

pH Scale

• The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
• A pH below 7 is acidic, while a pH above 7 is basic.

Acids and Bases in Water

• When an acid dissociates in water, H+ ions are released.
• Substances with a pH above 7, such as NaOH, are bases.

Reactions

• The molar ratio between HBr and NaOH in the reaction HBr + NaOH → NaBr + H2O is 1:1.
• The products of the reaction between H2SO4 and Mg(OH)2 are MgSO4 and H2O.

Acid-Base Characteristics

• Acids release H+ ions into solution, increasing the pH.
• Bases increase OH- ions, decreasing the pH.
• Tap water and rainwater have a neutral pH, around 7.

Substances and Ions

• Water (H2O) is a covalent compound.
• Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an ionic compound.
• The iron ion has a charge of +2 (Fe2+) or +3 (Fe3+).
• Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an ionic compound.
• The magnesium ion has a charge of +2 in MgCl2.
• Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a covalent compound.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a covalent compound.
• Sodium ions (Na+) have a charge of +1.
• Calcium ions (Ca2+) have a charge of +2.
• Chloride ions (Cl-) have a charge of -1.