Identification Procedures Quiz
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Questions and Answers

According to the text, why is identification evidence considered dangerous?

  • Because it is difficult to obtain
  • Because it is not convincing to jurors
  • Because it is not admissible in court
  • Because it is often inaccurate (correct)

    • What is one of the reasons why DNA analysis is valuable in criminal investigations?

  • It is easy to obtain
  • It is admissible as evidence in court
  • It can prove the innocence of convicted inmates
  • It can link a person to a crime with a high degree of certainty (correct)

    • What was the average length of time served by individuals who were exonerated through DNA analysis?

  • 9 years
  • 2 years
  • 5,284 years
  • 14 years (correct)

    • Which type of identification procedure involves constructing facial composites based on witness descriptions?

    <p>Mugshot searches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which jurisdiction are photo lineups most commonly used?

    <p>NSW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical number of people in a lineup in the US?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 'White Paper' by Wells et al (1998) recommend in relation to identification procedures?

    <p>Blind procedure, matching foils to perpetrator description, measuring confidence, and using sequential lineups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what percentage of misidentification cases in DNA exoneration cases involved an in-person lineup?

    <p>34%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what percentage of misidentification cases in DNA exoneration cases involved a misidentification from a photo array?

    <p>52%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what percentage of misidentification cases in DNA exoneration cases involved a voice misidentification?

    <p>2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what percentage of misidentification cases in DNA exoneration cases involved a misidentification through hypnosis?

    <p>2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lineup system did Malpass argue is better unless certain conditions are met?

    <p>Simultaneous lineups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Gronland et al (2014), what does sequential lineup do in terms of bias and sensitivity?

    <p>Increases bias but does not increase sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the results of the AJS trial conducted by Wells et al (2015) comparing sequential and simultaneous lineups?

    <p>More suspect identifications in simultaneous lineups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Wixted and Wells (2017), when does the relationship between confidence and accuracy in suspect identifications break down?

    <p>In non-pristine lineups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average age of exonerees at the time of their wrongful convictions?

    <p>27 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many exonerees have been financially compensated?

    <p>288</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many DNA exoneration cases have the true suspects and/or perpetrators been identified in?

    <p>165</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many violent offenses, including murders and sexual assaults, were committed by true offenders while an innocent person was in prison?

    <p>154 violent offences, including 36 murders and 163 sexual assaults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of DNA analysis in criminal investigations?

    <p>DNA analysis in criminal investigations has been instrumental in both linking individuals to crimes with a high degree of certainty and proving the innocence of wrongfully convicted inmates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What insights can be gained from cases of DNA exoneration?

    <p>Cases of DNA exoneration provide valuable insights into the dangers of various forms of evidence, including the potential inaccuracies of eyewitness identification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can you provide an example of a DNA exoneration case?

    <p>One example of a DNA exoneration case is the case of Kirk Bloodsworth, who was wrongfully convicted based on the identification of multiple eyewitnesses and later exonerated through DNA analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Malpass (2006), when is the simultaneous lineup system considered better than the sequential lineup system?

    <p>a) when more weight is placed on avoiding false identifications than convicting the guilty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the results of the AJS trial conducted by Wells et al (2015) comparing sequential and simultaneous lineups?

    <p>Suspect identified in 25% of cases (same for Seq and Sim), but Seq resulted in fewer identifications of foils (11% vs 18%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Wixted and Wells (2017), what are 'pristine lineups'?

    <p>initial, uncontaminated memory tests using fair lineups, with no lineup administrator influence, and with an immediate confidence statement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Katzman and Bull Kovera (2023), what did their meta-analysis of the cross-race effect suggest as a possible explanation for racial disparities in wrongful conviction data?

    <p>differences in the evidence that police have against suspects before placing them in an ID procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what are the four types of identification procedures?

    <p>Mugshot searches, Showups, Line-ups/ID parades, Voice and other non-facial Identifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between physical size and functional size in a lineup?

    <p>Physical size refers to the actual number of people in the lineup, while functional size refers to the number of individuals that match the description of the perpetrator or suspect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five recommendations made in the "White Paper" by Wells et al (1998) regarding identification procedures?

    <ol> <li>Blind procedure - officer should not know identity of suspect, 2. Witnesses told that person &quot;may or may not be present&quot; and that is a blind procedure, 3. Foils should be matched to description of perpetrator and suspect should not stand out, 4. Measure confidence at time of identification, 5. Simultaneous and sequential lineups</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between simultaneous and sequential lineups?

    <p>In a simultaneous lineup, the witness sees all members at the same time, while in a sequential lineup, the witness sees each person just once and must make a yes/no decision before moving on.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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