Identification of a Compound Lab Report

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Questions and Answers

A ______ is a formal and often lengthy discussion of a topic, where concepts and insights are arranged in an organized and logical manner.

discourse

A discourse can be either ______ or written.

spoken

A discourse that aims to ______ provides a descriptive and comprehensive discussion on the topic.

inform

A discourse that aims to ______ tries to convince the readers that the proposed claim or solution is better than any other proposal.

<p>persuade</p> Signup and view all the answers

Analyzing a discourse is usually ______.

<p>contextual</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ may have influenced the author's perspective on several issues.

<p>culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Personal accounts or first-hand experience of events, though subjective, establish ______ and reliability of information presented in any discourse.

<p>credibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ______, the writer aims to persuade the audience or readers.

<p>argumentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

To get the best results possible, the procedure in the manual was modified by ______ each trial three times.

<p>repeating</p> Signup and view all the answers

The given text is from "Identification of a Compound Using Melting and Boiling Points," a lab report by Dr.Ethan B.Gallogly.It presents how an experiment was ______.

<p>conducted</p> Signup and view all the answers

Field reports are commonly written in the ______ sciences.

<p>social</p> Signup and view all the answers

Field reports aim to analyze behavior patterns ______ by the subject based on specific theories.

<p>manifested</p> Signup and view all the answers

The passage is an example of an ______ of the results from the data gathered.

<p>interpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Writing in business aims to provoke ______ or elicit responses from the readers.

<p>actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Memorandum is a form of written communication in a ______ setting.

<p>corporate</p> Signup and view all the answers

A résumé is a short document that shows a person’s ______ and professional background.

<p>educational</p> Signup and view all the answers

An applicant may include a list of ______ or people who can tell about the applicant’s character and abilities.

<p>references</p> Signup and view all the answers

The language used in the letter is strictly ______.

<p>formal</p> Signup and view all the answers

This type of discourse is based on the main ______ of the author about the topic or subject.

<p>impression</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exposition aims to ______, clarify, and explain a phenomenon.

<p>inform</p> Signup and view all the answers

Narration is like ______.

<p>storytelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

A literary discourse is generally focused on creative works, including ______.

<p>nonfiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Poetic discourse focuses on how language is used to form ______ and convey ideologies.

<p>themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Expressive discourse is typically written in the ______ point of view.

<p>first-person</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transactional discourse is commonly found in ______ materials, advertisements, and editorial articles.

<p>instructional</p> Signup and view all the answers

Academic discourse is expository or ______ in nature.

<p>argumentative</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unlike other discourses, academic discourse uses ______ language and the third person point of view.

<p>formal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Writing in the sciences uses the ______ point of view to maintain the objective tone.

<p>third-person</p> Signup and view all the answers

Writing in the sciences requires ______ precision; the words should be clear and exact.

<p>language</p> Signup and view all the answers

Jargon, which Merriam-Webster defines as "the technical terminology or characteristic ______ of a special activity or group," is commonly used in scientific writing.

<p>idiom</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most writings in the sciences contain a ______, an idea, or a theory that is not yet proven.

<p>hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Writing in the sciences usually involves ______ research.

<p>painstaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the data-gathering process, the researcher proceeds with analyzing and ______ the results.

<p>interpreting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Discourse

A formal discussion of a topic, organized logically.

To inform

A discourse type that provides comprehensive knowledge about a topic.

To persuade

A discourse type aimed at convincing the audience of a claim.

To entertain

A discourse type intended to amuse and entertain the readers.

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Cultural influence

The effect of beliefs and customs on a writer's perspective.

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Social environment

Physical surroundings and social relationships that impact writing.

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Argumentation

A discourse aimed at persuading with claims supported by evidence.

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Experiences

Personal events that provide credibility to a discourse.

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Modified Procedure

Adjusting a procedure to improve data collection reliability by repeating trials.

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Field Report

A descriptive account analyzing behavior patterns based on observation in social sciences.

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Influence in Research

The impact of various factors, such as family or education, on social opinions of students.

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Description

A discourse type expressing the author's main impressions influenced by various factors.

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Writing in Business

Communication aimed at provoking action or response with formal tone and objective language.

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Memorandum

A written communication to inform or convey messages within an organization, often formal.

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Exposition

A type of discourse that aims to inform and explain phenomena in detail.

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Narration

A storytelling discourse that recounts events in chronological order.

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Letter of Reprimand

A formal letter notifying an employee about policy violations like tardiness or misconduct.

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Résumé

A document summarizing an individual's education and professional experience for job applications.

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Poetic Discourse

Creative works that emphasize language to convey themes and ideologies.

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Expressive Discourse

Personal narratives that reveal the writer's identity, often in first-person.

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Work Experience Section

Part of a résumé detailing past job positions, responsibilities, and durations.

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Educational Background

A résumé section listing academic qualifications, degrees, and relevant achievements.

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Transactional Discourse

Directive discourse that provides information and encourages action.

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Formal Language

Objective and structured language used in business writing to maintain professionalism.

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Academic Discourse

Formal writing that is expository or argumentative, maintaining an objective tone.

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Writing in the Sciences

Uses objective language, third-person view, and often includes jargon for experts.

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Case Study

An intensive study of a specific subject or variable to find success or failure factors.

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Laboratory Report

Formal documentation of an experiment, detailing objectives, methods, and results.

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Hypothesis

An idea or theory that is tested in scientific writing and research.

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Jargon

Technical terminology specific to a particular field or profession.

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Linear Structure

A narration structure that follows a clear beginning, middle, and end.

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Nonlinear Structure

A narration that may start from the end or middle, deviating from the linear path.

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Objective Tone

A writing style that is neutral and free from personal bias or opinions.

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Study Notes

Discourse Definition and Purposes

  • Discourse is a formal discussion, logically arranging concepts.
  • It's also how language conveys meaning, action, or response. Often written analysis of another writer's work.
  • Purposes:
    • Inform: Discusses a topic descriptively and comprehensively.
    • Persuade: Convinces readers a claim is better.
    • Entertain: Provides amusement.

Analyzing Discourse

  • Analysis is contextual, considering factors influencing the writer.
  • Influencing factors:
    • Culture: Beliefs, customs affect perspective.
    • Social Environment: Physical surroundings, time period impact writing.
    • Experiences: First-hand accounts enhance credibility.

Types of Discourse

  • Argumentation: Persuades by presenting claims/counterclaims with evidence (studies, data).
  • Description: Based on author's impression influenced by knowledge, culture, etc. Triggers sensory images.
  • Exposition: Aims to inform, clarify, explain and provide in-depth discussion, often less understood topics. Gives instructions.
  • Narration: Storytelling, recounts events chronologically. Can be linear (beginning, middle, end) or nonlinear.

Literary Discourse

  • Focuses on creative/nonfiction works and business communication.
  • Types:
    • Poetic: Creative works (poems, novels, plays). Focuses on how language creates theme and ideology. Meaning can be explicit or implied, using sound patterns to enhance ordinary words.
    • Expressive: Academic journals, letters, diaries, blogs. Personal narrative, reveals writer's identity (creative nonfiction).
    • Transactional: Instructional materials, ads, editorials. Directive, gives instructions; encourages action.

Academic Discourse

  • Expository/argumentative; presents insights using formal language.
  • Characteristics:
    • Third-person point of view; objective tone; avoids figurative speech, biases, sexist/stereotyped language.
    • Examples: Essays, journals, reviews, synthesis, literature reviews, research.

Writing in the Sciences

  • Third-person point of view, precise diction, common use of jargon.
  • Often includes hypotheses, backed by concrete evidence, from painstaking research and quantitative data-gathering methods.
  • Analysis and interpretation of results follow data collection.
  • Common types:
    • Case study: In-depth study of a subject (person, event).
    • Lab report: Formal documentation of an experiment, including objectives, methods, results.
    • Field report: Analyzes behavior patterns based on specific theories and descriptive, detailed observations (social sciences).

Writing in Business

  • Aims to generate action or response, formal language, objective tone, explicit purpose.
  • Common types:
    • Memorandum (memo): Written communication in corporate settings, informing or conveying messages. Can be announcements or reprimands.
    • Résumé: Short document showing educational and professional background of an applicant.

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