Identification and Authentication Overview
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Identification and Authentication Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which type of authentication involves something you know?

  • Type 2 Authentication
  • Type 3 Authentication
  • Multi-factor Authentication
  • Type 1 Authentication (correct)

    • Passwords are considered the strongest form of authentication.

    False

    What is an example of Type 3 Authentication?

    Biometrics (e.g., fingerprint, iris scan)

    Secret questions as knowledge factors are often _____ examples because they can be easily researched.

    <p>poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of authentication with their definitions:

    <p>Type 1 = Knowledge factors like passwords Type 2 = Possession factors like smart cards Type 3 = Biometric factors like fingerprints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of weak passwords?

    <p>They are easy to guess personal information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Key stretching adds time to password verification to prevent brute-force attacks.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one strategy to enhance password security.

    <p>Use a combination of upper/lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key limitation of brute force attacks when it comes to one-time pads?

    <p>They generate too many false positives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clipping levels are used to prevent users from guessing passwords by restricting logins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum password length recommended by the U.S. Department of Defense?

    <p>14 characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A single-use password is also known as a _____ in online banking.

    <p>TAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following password management terms with their definitions:

    <p>Password history = Remembers the last 24 passwords used Maximum password age = Password must be changed every 90 days Minimum password age = Must wait 2 days before changing password again Complexity requirements = Passwords must include various character types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a possession factor in Type 2 authentication?

    <p>Password</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Single-use passwords are considered very convenient by most users.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is an account typically locked after too many failed login attempts?

    <p>One hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of biometric authentication?

    <p>Social Security number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Behavioral characteristics used in biometrics are permanent and never change.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one potential health issue that can be revealed through biometric authentication.

    <p>Vascular diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biometric data collection can be more invasive, particularly when it involves __________.

    <p>Iris scans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of contactless cards?

    <p>They can be read by proximity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following biometric methods with their characteristics:

    <p>Fingerprint = Unique to each individual Facial recognition = Can be easily photographed Iris recognition = More invasive but secure Voice pattern = Can be recorded and replicated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major issue with biometric authentication?

    <p>It can't be replaced if lost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HOTP stands for HMAC-based One-Time Password.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does FRR stand for in biometric authentication?

    <p>False Rejection Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The U.S. Office of Personnel Management suffered a data breach involving biometric data.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biometric identifiers are categorized as physiological and __________ characteristics.

    <p>behavioral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biometric authentication can be compromised by __________ of the individual's features.

    <p>photographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of cards with their characteristics:

    <p>Smart Cards = Contain an integrated circuit chip Magnetic Stripe Cards = Swiped through a reader Tokens = Can be hardware or software based Biometric Authentication = Uses unique human physical traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Crossover Error Rate (CER) represents which of the following?

    <p>The intersection point of FRR and FAR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contact cards can only be credit cards.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of something you are in authentication methods?

    <p>Fingerprint, iris scan, facial geometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main principle of the Least Privilege access control concept?

    <p>Users should have the minimum necessary access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mandatory Access Control (MAC) assigns access based on user identity alone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does RBAC stand for in access control?

    <p>Role-Based Access Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Access control that uses labels to assign permissions based on clearance is known as _____ .

    <p>Mandatory Access Control (MAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of access control is often used when confidentiality is most important?

    <p>Mandatory Access Control (MAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define the term 'Need to Know' in access control.

    <p>A principle that states if a user does not need access to information, they should not have it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the access control method with its primary focus:

    <p>DAC = Availability MAC = Confidentiality RBAC = Integrity ABAC = Conditions and Attributes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) is a policy-neutral access control mechanism.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Identification and Authentication

    • Identification establishes the user’s identity through factors like name, username, or ID number.
    • Authentication confirms identity with multi-factor methods for better security.

    Authentication Types

    • Type 1 (Knowledge Factors): Use something known (e.g., passwords, PINs).

      • Most common form; weakest due to vulnerability to compromise.
      • Ensure passwords are complex (14+ characters, include numbers and symbols).
      • Password policies include expiration dates and limits on reuse to enhance security.
      • Secret questions are often poorly chosen and can be easily researched.

    • Type 2 (Possession Factors): Use something possessed (e.g., ID cards, tokens).

      • Forms of possession include credit cards and smart cards.
      • Single-use passwords enhance security but may be inconvenient for users.
      • Magnetic stripe cards are easy to duplicate; smart cards use integrated circuits.
      • Tokens can be hardware or software-based, with HOTP and TOTP protocols.

    • Type 3 (Biometric Factors): Use unique biological traits (e.g., fingerprints, facial recognition).

      • More secure but can have false acceptance/rejection issues.
      • Biometric systems must balance false rejection rate (FRR) and false acceptance rate (FAR) to achieve a crossover error rate (CER).
      • Physiological characteristics are stable, while behavioral characteristics may change.

    Issues with Biometric Authentication

    • Biometric data can expose sensitive information about health and identity, raising privacy concerns.
    • Attacks can involve duplicating biometric traits from images or recordings.
    • Lost passwords or ID cards can be replaced; compromised biometrics cannot.

    Authorization

    • Authorization determines what information users can access.
    • Implement access control models based on security goals, including Least Privilege and Need to Know principles.

    Access Control Models

    • Discretionary Access Control (DAC):

      • Object owners assign permissions at their discretion; common in file systems.
      • Utilizes Discretionary ACLs (DACLs) based on user identification.

    • Mandatory Access Control (MAC):

      • Access is based on labels and classifications; prioritizes confidentiality.
      • Requires user's clearance level to surpass the object's security label.

    • Role-Based Access Control (RBAC):

      • Access is based on user roles, simplifying management of permissions within large organizations.
      • Enforces separation of duties to prevent privilege creep.

    • Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC):

      • Combines user, object, and environmental attributes to determine access.
      • Offers flexibility in access management based on dynamic conditions.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of Identification and Authentication, including the different types and levels of authentication, as well as the importance of multi-factor authentication. Explore how personal information and various authentication methods contribute to secure online identity management.

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