Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the initial assessment in critically ill clients?
What is the primary focus of the initial assessment in critically ill clients?
- Performing invasive procedures
- Assessing the client's ABCs (correct)
- Evaluating the family’s concerns
- Gathering detailed medical history
Which of the following interventions can help reduce anxiety in critically ill patients?
Which of the following interventions can help reduce anxiety in critically ill patients?
- Creating a healing environment (correct)
- Enhancing physical restraints
- Restricting visitation to the family
- Limiting communication with the patient
What is an essential aspect to assess during the initial evaluation of a critically ill patient?
What is an essential aspect to assess during the initial evaluation of a critically ill patient?
- Their financial status
- Initial level of consciousness (correct)
- Social support systems
- Previous medical history
During the assessment phase, what might happen before the process is completed?
During the assessment phase, what might happen before the process is completed?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of death mentioned for 2020?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of death mentioned for 2020?
In providing care to critically ill patients, what aspect is important in fostering trust?
In providing care to critically ill patients, what aspect is important in fostering trust?
What is a significant reason for assessing family coping in critically ill situations?
What is a significant reason for assessing family coping in critically ill situations?
Which of the following best describes the 'IPPA' method used in physical examination?
Which of the following best describes the 'IPPA' method used in physical examination?
Which ABG finding is considered a hallmark of ARDS?
Which ABG finding is considered a hallmark of ARDS?
What does the presence of air bronchograms indicate in the lungs?
What does the presence of air bronchograms indicate in the lungs?
What would pulmonary function tests (PFT) show in a patient with ARDS?
What would pulmonary function tests (PFT) show in a patient with ARDS?
What heart rate (HR) indicates a significant cardiovascular response in ARDS according to the criteria provided?
What heart rate (HR) indicates a significant cardiovascular response in ARDS according to the criteria provided?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of lung volume in ARDS?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of lung volume in ARDS?
What is the role of pulmonary artery pressure monitoring in diagnosing ARDS?
What is the role of pulmonary artery pressure monitoring in diagnosing ARDS?
What happens to the WBC count in ARDS according to the provided criteria?
What happens to the WBC count in ARDS according to the provided criteria?
When is invasive mechanical ventilation indicated for patients with ARDS?
When is invasive mechanical ventilation indicated for patients with ARDS?
What is a potential early sign of cardiorespiratory compromise in patients?
What is a potential early sign of cardiorespiratory compromise in patients?
Which of the following is NOT one of the major components in the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary hypertension?
Which of the following is NOT one of the major components in the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary hypertension?
What causes the development of plexiform lesions in the pulmonary arteries?
What causes the development of plexiform lesions in the pulmonary arteries?
Which recommendation should be made to a patient regarding their activity level?
Which recommendation should be made to a patient regarding their activity level?
Why is maintaining adequate fluid intake important for patients with pulmonary hypertension?
Why is maintaining adequate fluid intake important for patients with pulmonary hypertension?
Which type of dietary approach is advised for patients with pulmonary hypertension?
Which type of dietary approach is advised for patients with pulmonary hypertension?
What is a key factor in the development of chronic pulmonary hypertension?
What is a key factor in the development of chronic pulmonary hypertension?
Which immune cells are notably increased in the context of inflammation related to pulmonary hypertension?
Which immune cells are notably increased in the context of inflammation related to pulmonary hypertension?
Which medication is administered as a loading dose for severe COVID-19 patients?
Which medication is administered as a loading dose for severe COVID-19 patients?
Which medication listed is classified as a sympathomimetic drug?
Which medication listed is classified as a sympathomimetic drug?
What is the primary use of corticosteroids in the treatment of COVID-19?
What is the primary use of corticosteroids in the treatment of COVID-19?
In patients with hemodynamic instability, what is the first-line vasopressor?
In patients with hemodynamic instability, what is the first-line vasopressor?
What is the primary purpose of mucolytic agents such as Acetylcysteine?
What is the primary purpose of mucolytic agents such as Acetylcysteine?
Which symptom would indicate the need for an initial assessment of Breathing in COVID-19 patients?
Which symptom would indicate the need for an initial assessment of Breathing in COVID-19 patients?
What volume of fluid should be encouraged daily to support respiratory function?
What volume of fluid should be encouraged daily to support respiratory function?
Which of the following interventions could be used to address ineffective airway clearance?
Which of the following interventions could be used to address ineffective airway clearance?
What is the recommended practice for patients experiencing hypoxemia?
What is the recommended practice for patients experiencing hypoxemia?
Which drug class is used for prophylactic anticoagulation in severe COVID-19 cases?
Which drug class is used for prophylactic anticoagulation in severe COVID-19 cases?
What is the effect of bronchodilators on respiration?
What is the effect of bronchodilators on respiration?
What is the primary goal of Conservative fluid management in patients with COVID-19?
What is the primary goal of Conservative fluid management in patients with COVID-19?
When assessing respiratory status, which vital signs should be monitored at least every 4 hours?
When assessing respiratory status, which vital signs should be monitored at least every 4 hours?
Which position is recommended to assist patients with respiratory difficulties?
Which position is recommended to assist patients with respiratory difficulties?
Which assessment is NOT part of the 'Circulation' evaluation in the ACDE approach?
Which assessment is NOT part of the 'Circulation' evaluation in the ACDE approach?
What should be monitored in patients receiving intravenous fluids for respiratory support?
What should be monitored in patients receiving intravenous fluids for respiratory support?
Study Notes
Diarrheal Disease and Critical Illness Assessment
- COVID-19 was one of the leading causes of death in 2020.
- Top causes of death included ischaemic heart diseases, neoplasms, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, pneumonia, and hypertensive diseases.
Assessment of Critically Ill Clients
- Initial assessment focuses on the ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation).
- Monitor patient's level of consciousness and changes throughout the assessment.
- Begin with the client's primary concern and subsequent pertinent questions.
Objective Data Collection
- Gather through physical examination (IPPA: Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation).
- Interventions may be initiated before the completion of the assessment.
Interventions in Critical Care
- Create a healing environment to reduce anxiety and stress in critically ill patients.
- Foster trust and provide informative communication.
- Encourage patient autonomy to restore a sense of control.
Diagnostic Studies in ARDS
- ABG analysis is critical for diagnosing ARDS, showing hypoxemia (PaO2 < 38 C).
- PFT indicates decreased lung compliance and reduced vital capacity and minute volume.
- Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring helps differentiate ARDS from cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
COVID-19 Treatment and Management
- Remdesivir indicated for hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19; initial dose 200 mg IV, followed by daily 100 mg.
- Corticosteroids such as Dexamethasone are used in severe cases.
- Prophylactic anticoagulation is essential for patients to prevent thromboembolic events.
Nursing Management
- Maintain airway patency and assess for dyspnea and abnormal breathing sounds.
- Monitor vital signs, oxygen saturation, and respiratory function at least every four hours.
- Encourage fluid intake of 2500-3000 mL daily to facilitate mucus clearance.
Pharmacological Interventions
- Sympathomimetics (e.g., Salbutamol) and anticholinergics (e.g., Ipratropium bromide) may be prescribed for bronchoconstriction.
- Mucolytics, such as Acetylcysteine, help liquefy mucus for easier expectoration.
Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Hypertension
- Chronic pulmonary hypertension often arises secondarily from other conditions.
- Key components in its pathogenesis include endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, and thrombosis.
Health Education for Home Care
- Emphasize adherence to prescribed medication regimens.
- Discuss the need for activity limitation and increased rest.
- Advise on maintaining fluid and adequate nutritional intake for improved health outcomes.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the assessment of critically ill clients in the ICU environment. It covers key topics related to patient needs, coping mechanisms, and the impact of diseases like diabetes and kidney disorders. Additionally, it highlights the implications of major health crises such as COVID-19.
