Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which drug is classified as an anticoagulant?
Which drug is classified as an anticoagulant?
What is a key contraindication to consider before administering certain medications?
What is a key contraindication to consider before administering certain medications?
What is the primary action of aminophylline and theophylline?
What is the primary action of aminophylline and theophylline?
Which medication is specifically indicated for reducing intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Which medication is specifically indicated for reducing intracranial pressure (ICP)?
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What is the purpose of using Solu-Cortef in treatment?
What is the purpose of using Solu-Cortef in treatment?
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Which medication is primarily used as an anticoagulant?
Which medication is primarily used as an anticoagulant?
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What is the primary use of Clopidogrel?
What is the primary use of Clopidogrel?
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Which medication is known to promote gut motility?
Which medication is known to promote gut motility?
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What adverse effect is most commonly associated with the use of opioids such as Pethidine Hydrochloride?
What adverse effect is most commonly associated with the use of opioids such as Pethidine Hydrochloride?
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Which of the following medications has a role in reversing the effects of anticoagulants?
Which of the following medications has a role in reversing the effects of anticoagulants?
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Study Notes
ICU Drugs
- Aminophylline/ Theophylline - Bronchodilator
- Acetaminophen - Antipyretic, analgesic
- Phenytoin - Anticonvulsant
- Ventolin - Inhaled β-agonist, bronchodilator
- Capoten - Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
- Plendil/ Nimotop/ Norvasc - Calcium channel blocker
- Aldactone - Potassium sparing diuretics
- Fucidin - Bacteriostatic
- Clexan - Anticoagulant (Low molecular weight heparin)
- Diazepam/ Dormicum - Sedative/ Anxiolytic/ Hypnotic/ Anti- epileptic
- Solu-Cortef - Corticosteroid
- Konakion - Vitamin K, Coagulant
- Kapron (Tranexamic Acid) - Anti-fibrinolytic drug
- Haemstop (Dycinon) - To stop bleeding/ Coagulant
- Zofran/ Primpriane - Antiemetic
- Succinylcholine - Short-term muscle relaxation
- Atracurium - Intermediate-duration non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent
- Fentanyl - Rapid onset & Short duration Narcotic analgesic
- Haloperidol - Atypical antipsychotic
- Inderal - Beta blocker
- Pentobarbital - Short acting barbiturate with sedative, hypnotic & anticonvulsant properties
- Thiopental - Decrease ICP; adjunctive therapy for intubation in head injury patients
- Octreotide (Sandostatin) - Splanchnic vasoconstrictor In G.I.T. BLEEDING
- Carbamazepine (Tegretol) - Anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizer
- Sorbitol - Cathartic
- Clopidogril (Plavix) - Platelet aggregation inhibitor
- Diclofenac Na (Cataflam/ Voltaren) - A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities.
- Ephedrine - Stimulates both alpha & beta receptors, treat drug-induced hypotension
- Erythromycin - Prokinetic agent (stimulate gut motility)
- Haloperidol - Tranquilizers/ Antipsychotic
- Hyoscine Butyl bromide (Buscopan) - Spasmolytic
- Diprivan (Propofol) - Sedation
- Lactulose (Duphalac) - Colonic acidifier that promotes laxation
- Ranitidine (Zantac) - Histamine H2-receptor antagonist
- Thyroxine (Eltroxin) - Thyroid hormone replacement therapy
- Protamine Sulphate - Reversal of heparin
- Omeprazole/ Pantoprazole - Proton pump inhibitor
- Paracetamol - Analgesic and antipyretic
- Pethidine Hydrochloride - Narcotic analgesic
- Daktarine - Antifungal
- Oracure - Healing agent for oral ulcer
- Oraldine/ Hexitol - Mouth wash, Antiseptic
- Thilotears/ Eye refresh - Artificial tears (Prevent eye dryness)
- Mebo/ Nataria/ Dermazine - Healing agent for bed sore
- Warfarin - Anticoagulant
- Naloxone - Opioid antagonist
Nitroglycerin
- Acts on coronary arteries, improving blood flow to ischemic areas
- Decreases myocardial oxygen consumption
- In peripheral vascular beds, it causes vasodilation & reduces preload and afterload, resulting in decreased cardiac workload
Nitroglycerin Side effects
- CNS: Headache, restlessness, weakness, dizziness, faintness.
- CVS: Tachycardia, retrosternal discomfort, palpitations, hypotension, syncope, collapse, orthostatic hypotension.
- GIT: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
Nitroglycerin Nursing Considerations
- Diluted in compatible solution is preferred than given undiluted for safe titration of the drug with minimal side effects
- Assess patient’s anginal pain
- Patients on IV nitroglycerin require continuous ECG & B.P monitoring
- Be alert for overdose symptoms: Hypotension, tachycardia; warm, flushed skin becoming cold & cyanotic; headache, palpitations, confusion, vomiting.
Morphine
- Indication: Pain in myocardial infarction & post-operative severe pain.
- Action: Narcotic analgesic. Respiratory depressant action. Pain relieve immediately & last for 2 hours. Inhibit transmission of pain impulse. Relieve pulmonary congestion, lower myocardial oxygen demands and reduce anxiety.
Morphine Side effects
- Respiratory depression, bradycardia, palpitations, hypotension, loss of consciousness & cardiopulmonary arrest.
Morphine Nursing Considerations
- Obtain baseline RR, depth, rhythm, SPO2, HR, B.P, LOC & size of pupils
- Put the patient on O2 therapy & continuous cardiac monitoring
- Monitor fluid balance
- Report oliguria or urinary retention
- Monitor (RR, B.P, HR, LOC & SPO2) + pain intensity
- Ensure the availability of resuscitation equipment at bedside
Adenosine
- Indication: Narrow-complex paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia
- Action: Anti-dysrhythmic, restores normal sinus rhythm (NSR) by slowing conduction time through the atrioventricular (AV) node
Adenosine side effects
- Flushing, chest pain/tightness, a systole or bradycardia.
Adenosine Nursing Considerations
- Monitor for side effects
- Patient monitoring: B.P & HR.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential ICU drugs such as bronchodilators, anticoagulants, and analgesics. This quiz covers various classes of medications commonly used in intensive care settings, including their uses and classifications. Prepare to enhance your understanding of critical care pharmacotherapy.
