ICT: Web, Social Media, and Netiquette

• ICT concerns Web versions, Web 2.0 features, Web 3.0 problems, ICT trends, collaborative platforms, social media types, netiquette, malware, intellectual property, plagiarism, information evaluation, and software shortcuts/menus.

Web Versions

• Web 1.0 is the first stage of the WWW, consisting of webpages connected by hyperlinks
• Web 1.0 is also called a static webpage because users cannot manipulate it
• Web 2.0 is also called a dynamic web, designed so users are able to see differently than others
• Web 2.0 includes networking sites, blogs, wikis, video sharing sites, hosted services, and web applications
• Web 2.0 allows users to interact with the page
• Web 3.0 is also called Semantic Web
• Web 3.0 enables data to be shared and reused across applications, enterprises, and community boundaries

Web 2.0 Features

• Folksonomy allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using freely chosen keywords, also known as tagging
• Rich User Experience means content is dynamic and responsive to user input
• An example of Rich User Experience is a website that shows local content
• User Participation means the website owner is not the only one able to put content
• Others can place their own content through comments, reviews, and evaluation
• Lazada, Shopee, and Amazon are examples of User Participation
• Long Tail refers to services offered on demand rather than as a one-time purchase, synonymous with subscribing to a data plan that charges by time spent on the internet
• Software as a Service means users subscribe to software only when needed rather than purchasing it
• Google Docs, is used to create and edit word processing and spreadsheets, is an example of Software as a Service
• Mass Participation involves diverse information sharing through universal web access, meaning Web 2.0 content is based on people from various cultures

Web 3.0 Problems

• Compatibility is an issue because HTML files and current web browsers cannot support Web 3.0
• Security is a concern because the machine saves user preferences
• Vastness arises because the World Wide Web contains billions of web pages
• Vagueness occurs because certain words are imprecise, like "old" and "small," varying by user
• Logic poses limitations because machines use logic, restricting their ability to predict what the user is referring to

Trends in ICT

• Assistive Technology includes equipment, software, or product systems that help people, especially those with disabilities, to increase, improve, and maintain their functional capabilities
• Mobility Aids include wheelchairs, scooters, walkers, canes, crutches, prosthetic devices, and orthotic devices
• Hearing Aids assist with hearing
• Cognitive Aids include computer or electrical assistive devices designed to help people with memory, attention, or other challenges in their thinking skills
• Computer Software and Hardware includes voice recognition programs, screen readers, and screen enlargement applications, helping people with mobility and sensory impairments use computers and mobile devices
• Tools include automatic page turners, book holders, and adapted pencil grips intended to help learners with disabilities participate in educational activities
• Close Captioning (CC) makes spoken content accessible via text
• Physical Modifications in the Built Environment enable persons with disabilities to play sports and be physically active
• Adaptive Switches & Utensils are adaptations for easier interaction
• High-Performance Mobility Devices includes wheelchairs, scooters, walkers, canes, crutches, prosthetic devices, and orthodontic devices
• Devices and Features of Devices help perform tasks such as cooking, dressing, and grooming, including specialized handles and grips, devices that extend reach, and lights on telephones and doorbells

Collaborative Platforms

• Collaborative platforms aim to facilitate communication and interpersonal contact in corporate project work
• Collaborative platforms are virtual workspaces where resources and tools are centralized

Types of Social Media

• Social Networks are sites that allow connection with others sharing the same interests or background; examples include Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram
• Bookmarking Sites allow users to store and manage links to various websites and resources; examples include Pinterest, Google, and Reddit
• Social News sites enable users to post their own news items or links to other news sources
• Media Sharing sites allow users to upload and share media content like images, music, and video
• Blogs and Forums allow users to post their content

10 Commandments of Netiquette

• Remember the human on the other side of the screen
• Adhere to the same standards online that you follow in real life
• Know where you are in cyberspace
• Respect other people's time and bandwidth
• Make yourself look good online
• Share expert knowledge
• Help keep flame wars under control
• Respect other people's privacy
• Don't abuse your power
• Be forgiving of other people's mistakes

Malware

• Malware is a catch-all term for malicious software, regardless of how it works, its intent, or its distribution
• A virus is a specific type of malware that self-replicates by inserting its code into other programs
• Trojans install inside of a computer pretending to be a reliable application
• In order to try and access consumer's systems, an attacker will frequently utilize social engineering to conceal malicious malware in genuine applications
• Rogue Security Software is a type of malicious software and online fraud that tricks consumers into thinking their computer has a virus
• Rogue Security Software tries to persuade consumers to pay for a phony malware removal program that installs more malware
• Rogue Security Software is a type of ransomware as well as scareware, which uses fear to control users
• Since 2008, malicious security software has posed a significant security risk to desktop computers; SpySheriff and its clones were primitive examples
• Worms are a subset of Trojan horse malware that may spread or self-replicate from one computer to another without human activation
• A network is often how worms spread; Internet or LAN connections are commonly used
• Spyware intrudes and takes private information and internet usage data, then passes it to third parties such as advertising or data companies
• Spyware is hard to detect
• Keyloggers secretly record keys pressed on a keyboard such that the user is unaware they are being watched; this is also known as keystroke logging or keyboard capture
• Adware makes money for its creators by displaying banner ads on the user's screen, typically inside a web browser
• Some types of adware are extremely manipulative and provide a backdoor for dangerous software
• Spam refers to spam messages that include malware
• When readers open an email attachment or click on a link, they often download malware such as keyloggers, ransomware, Trojan horses, bots, info-stealers, cryptominers, spyware, and Trojans

Intellectual Property Rights

• Intellectual property rights are rights granted to individuals over their creative works
• These rights often give the inventor exclusive rights to utilize his or her creation for a set length of time

Common Types of Plagiarism

• Direct Plagiarism is the unattributed, unmarked transcription of another person's work word for word
• Self Plagiarism occurs when a student submits their own prior work or combines portions of prior works without getting permission from all of the teachers concerned
• Mosaic Plagiarism uses terms from a source without putting them in quotes or finds synonyms for the author's words while adhering to the general format and content of the original
• Accidental Plagiarism fails to mention their sources, incorrectly paraphrases them, or unintentionally uses similar terms, word groupings, and etc

Evaluating Information

• Accuracy means content is grammatically correct and verifiable, and cited when necessary
• Author defines who created the content, including the individual or group's credentials/expertise, and provides contact information
• Currency means information is current and updated frequently
• Fairness means content is balanced, presenting all sides of an issue and multiple points of view
• Search Engines are programs that look for documents based from specified keywords and return documents containing those keywords
• Major Search Engines include Google, Yahoo, AltaVista, Bing, and Lycos
• Relevance means content is relevant to the topic or research

MS Word Shortcuts

• Ctrl+A selects all contents of the page
• Ctrl+B bolds highlighted selection
• Ctrl+C copies selected text
• Ctrl+D opens the font preferences window
• Ctrl+E aligns the line or selected text to the center of the screen
• Ctrl+F opens find box
• Ctrl+I italicizes highlighted selection
• Ctrl+J aligns the selected text or line to justify the screen
• Ctrl+K inserts a hyperlink
• Ctrl+L aligns the line or selected text to the left of the screen
• Ctrl+M indents the paragraph
• Ctrl+N opens new, blank document window
• Ctrl+O opens the dialog box or page for selecting a file to open
• Ctrl+P opens the print window
• Ctrl+R aligns the line or selected text to the right of the screen
• Ctrl+S saves the open document
• Ctrl+T creates a hanging indent
• Ctrl+U underlines the selected text
• Ctrl+V pastes
• Ctrl+W closes the currently open document
• Ctrl+X cuts selected text
• Ctrl+Y redoes the last action performed
• Ctrl+Z undoes the last action
• Common Icons: SAVE, UNDO, REDO, PASTE, CUT, COPY, FORMAT PAINTER, FONT FACE, FONT SIZE

MS Powerpoint Shorcuts

• Ctrl+N creates new presentation
• Ctrl+M adds a new slide
• Ctrl+B makes selected text bold
• Alt+H, F, S changes the font size for selected text
• Alt+W, Q opens the Zoom dialog box
• Ctrl+X cuts selected text, object, or slide
• Ctrl+C copies selected text, object, or slide
• Ctrl+V pastes cut or copied text, object, or slide
• Ctrl+Z undoes the last action
• Ctrl+S saves the presentation
• Alt+N, P, D inserts a picture from your device
• Alt+N, S, H inserts a shape
• Alt+G, H selects a theme
• Alt+H, L selects a slide layout
• Page Down goes to the next slide
• Page Up goes to the previous slide
• Alt+H goes to the Home tab
• Alt+N goes to the Insert tab
• F5 starts the slide show
• Esc ends the slide show
• Ctrl+Q closes PowerPoint

Overview of Microsoft Powerpoint Menu and Tool Bars

• HOME has Cut and Paste, Font and Paragraph options, and tools to add and organize slides
• INSERT is used to add something to a slide, including pictures, shapes, charts, links, text boxes, video, and more
• DESIGN enables adding a theme or color scheme, or formatting the slide background
• TRANSITION sets up how slides change from one to the next
• ANIMATION choreographs the movement of things on your slides
• SLIDESHOW sets up the way you want to show your presentation to others
• REVIEW adds comments, run spell-check, or compare one presentation with another
• VIEW allows you to look at your presentation in different ways, depending on where you are in the creation or delivery process
• FILE manages behind-the-scenes tasks such as opening, saving, sharing, exporting, printing, and managing your presentation
• TOOLS TAB appears when you click on parts of your slides, such as pictures, shapes, SmartArt, or text boxes, and offers relevant options

Microsoft Excel Parts

• TITLE BAR displays the workbook name followed by a program name
• MENU BAR provides access to different commands used for tasks such as opening/closing files, printing documents, formatting data, and other operations
• THE RIBBON/TOOL BAR contains all of the commands needed to perform common tasks, with multiple tabs (menu bar) and several command groups each
• GROUP OF COMMANDS are parts of the Ribbon/Tool Bar
• NAME BOX shows the address of the current selection or active cell
• FORMULA BOX displays information entered (or being entered) into the current/active cell, and can be edited in the formula bar
• COLUMN HEADINGS in modern Excel versions this is column XFD, which is 16,384 columns, each named by a letter or combination of letters
• ROW HEADINGS in modern Excel versions there are 1,048,576 rows each named by a number
• CELL is an intersection of a column and row; each has a unique cell address, such as A1, and the heavy border around the selected cell is called the cell pointer
• The active cell (receiving data/commands) has a unique address composed of its column and row, and a darkened border (the cell pointer)
• NAVIGATION BUTTONS AND SHEET PADS allow you to move to another worksheet in an Excel workbook, and display the first, previous, next, and last worksheets
• A workbook is made up of three worksheets labeled Sheet1, Sheet2, and Sheet3
• Each Excel worksheet is made up of columns and rows, accessible by clicking the tab labeled Sheet#
• WORKSHEETS VIEWS have three ways to view a worksheet, and simply select the desired view
• NORMAL VIEW is the standard view
• PAGE LAYOUT VIEW shows how the worksheet will appear when printed
• PAGE BREAK PREVIEW displays where page breaks will occur

Overview of Formula in Excel

• XLOOKUP FUNCTION finds things in a table or range by row
• With XLOOKUP, you can look in one column for a search term and return a result from the same row in another column, regardless of which side the return column is on
• VLOOKUP FUNCTION finds things in a table or range by row
• COUNTIF FUNCTION counts the number of cells that meet a specific criterion, for example, to count the number of times a particular city appears in a customer list
• IF FUNCTION makes logical comparisons between a value and what you expect
• SUMIF function sums the values in a range that meet criteria that you specify
• SUMIFS function tests multiple conditions and returns a value based on those conditions
• MATCH FUNCTION searches for a specified item in a range of cells, and then returns the relative position of that item in the range