ICT in Industry and E-commerce Quiz

ICT in Industry

• e-commerce involves services like transaction processing, documentation, presentations, inventory management, and gathering product information.
• ICT in industry refers to businesses and organizations involved in software, computing, telecommunications equipment, consumer electronics, and related services.
• The purpose of ICT education is to equip students with information and communication skills for using modern technology in various professional fields.
• e-commerce refers to business transactions happening online.

ICT Defined

• ICT (Information and Communication Technology) encompasses modern communication methods and technologies for searching, collecting, storing, processing, and disseminating information.
• ICT is not just about computers; it encompasses a broad range of technologies.

ICT Standards

• Standards in ICT refer to approved definitions or formats recognized by organizations or established as industry de facto standards.
• Standards can be developed through four methods.
• A de facto standard emerges when a single vendor dominates the market with its product.
• Government doesn't use electronic communication devices and the internet to provide public services.
• Software standards are controlled by both private and public/non-profit organizations.

Computer Models and Hardware

• A computer model simulates the functions of a real system.
• Open standards aim for interoperability, universality, and accessibility.
• Purpose of hardware selection: consider factors like single vs. multi-user, instructional use, lab work, reusability, user technical skill, and infection control concerns.
• Ad hoc method for developing standards involves a group of interested individuals and organizations agreeing on a specification.

Computer Types and Software

• A computer is an electronic machine that performs input, processing, storing, and output operations based on instructions for specific tasks.
• A desktop is designed for use in a single location and is commonly used at home and in the workplace.
• A workstation is a powerful, single-user computer with a high-performance microprocessor and high-quality monitor.
• Personal Computer Assistants (PCAs) are handheld computers, often known as palmtops, with a touch screen and memory card for data storage. (Note: PCAs are not the same as a handheld computer - they are a specific type of device)
• Specialist application software is designed to perform a single, very specific task.
• System software and application software are the two main categories of software.
• Hardware are the physical components; software comprises the instructions that tell a computer how to perform tasks.
• System software and application software are the two main categories of software.

System Software and User Interface

• GUI (Graphical User Interface) elements include icons, menus, windows, and pointers; the command line is not part of a GUI.
• BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a firmware program that initializes and tests hardware components upon startup.
• Utility software helps monitor and configure settings for the computer system, operating system, or application software.
• Icons are small images representing commands, files, or windows.
• An operating system does not translate text from one language to another.
• The kernel of an operating system manages memory, schedules tasks, and handles interrupts.

Operating System Startup and File Extensions

• The correct order of operating system startup is:

  • Turn on the computer
  • Loading BIOS
  • Loading the OS kernel into memory
  • The operating system itself starts.

• File extensions indicate file types:

  • .com: Executable command MS-DOS
  • .txt: Text file
  • .xls: Microsoft Excel table
  • .wav: Audio file

Software Types

• Operating System examples include: Linux, DOS, and Microsoft Windows.
• Application examples include: MS Word, and Macros.
• Microsoft Windows and Mac OS are examples of system software.
• Microsoft Office is an example of an integrated package.

Databases and Data Analysis

• A relational database consists of a collection of tables.
• The schema represents the logical design of a database; the instance is a snapshot of the data at a specific time.
• Relational algebra allows users to retrieve information from a database using commands, and uses relational operators like select, project, union, intersect, difference, cartesian product.
• Schema diagram visually represents the schema of a database, highlighting relationships between tables, attributes, and keys.
• A primary key uniquely identifies a record within a table; foreign keys relate tables to one another (also are attributes in another, referring relation)
• A super key uniquely identifies a record; a candidate key is a subset of a super key that is also a super key.
• Key is a property of an entire relation; values refer to specific data entries.
• Distinct returns a set of unique column values from a table.
• Where clause filters rows based on a condition; from specifies the table to retrieve data from.
• Select clause lists the attributes to include in the query results.

Spreadsheet Software

• Column Chart is suitable for comparing values across categories.
• A cell is the intersection of a column and row on a worksheet.
• COUNT function counts the number of numeric entries in a range.
• Excel is used for statistical calculations, preparing tables, and creating graphs.
• Filtering displays data based on specified criteria.
• A, B, C represent column labels in Excel.
• 1, 2, 3 represent row labels in Excel.
• IF function checks whether a condition is true or false.
• Functions in Excel start with an equal sign (=).
• B1:E5 denotes a range of cells from B1 to E5.
• Line Chart is suitable for showcasing trends over time.
• Pie Chart is suitable for comparing parts of a whole.
• Logical operators include > (greater than), < (less than), = (equal to).
• Sorting arranges data in a column in a specific sequence.
• Auto Fill completes a series of data based on patterns.
• Chart Wizard helps create charts.

Key Concepts

• Copyright protection is indicated by the symbol ©.
• Indivisible describes something that cannot be divided into separate parts.
• A database is a collection of electronically stored data organized as records in tables.

Test your knowledge on the role of ICT in industry and e-commerce. This quiz covers topics such as transaction processing, ICT standards, and the importance of ICT education. Explore how modern technologies influence businesses and the broader field of communication.