Digital Information Processed into Useful Form: ICT Fundamentals I/O Quiz and Flashcards

Study Notes

Input Devices

Input is any data and instructions entered into a computer's memory.
Examples of input include programs, commands, and user responses.
A program is a series of related instructions that tells a computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them.
Input devices allow users to enter data and instructions into a computer.
Examples of input devices include:
- Keyboards: contain keys users press to enter alphanumeric data and instructions.
- Pointing devices: allow users to control a pointer on the screen.
- Game controllers: direct movements and actions of on-screen objects.
- Digital cameras: allow users to take pictures and store them digitally.
- Voice input: uses voice recognition to enter input.
- Video input: captures full-motion images and stores them on a computer's storage medium.
- Scanners and reading devices: read data from paper documents and convert it into digital format.

Types of Keyboards

Traditional keyboard
On-screen keyboard
Virtual laser keyboard
Flexible keyboards
Wireless keyboard
Ergonomic keyboards
Mini-keyboard
Keypad
Touchscreen keypad

Types of Pointing Devices

Mouse
Trackball
Touchpad
Pointing stick
Touch screens
Touch-sensitive pads
Pen input
Gamepads
Joysticks
Steering wheels
Light guns
Dance pads
Motion-sensing controllers

Scanners and Reading Devices

Optical scanners: read data from paper documents and convert it into digital format.
Examples of optical scanners include:
- Flatbed scanners
- Sheet-fed scanners
- Drum scanners
Optical mark recognition (OMR) readers: read hand-drawn marks such as small circles or rectangles.
Bar code readers: use laser beams to read bar codes.
RFID readers: use radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object.
Magnetic strip card readers: read data stored inside the magnetic stripe on the back of the cards.
Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) readers: read text printed with magnetized ink.

Biometric Input Devices

Biometric authentication devices: authenticate a person's identity by verifying a personal characteristic.
Examples of biometric input devices include:
- Face recognition
- Hand geometry
- Voice verification
- Signature verification
- Fingerprint recognition
- Iris recognition
- Retinal scanners

Output Devices

Output is data that has been processed into a useful form (text, graphics, video, and audio).
Output devices convey information to one or more people.
Examples of output devices include:
- Display devices: visually convey text, graphics, and video information.
- Printers: produce text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper.
- Audio output devices: produce music, speech, or other sounds.
- Voice output devices: produce a person's voice or computer-generated voice.

Display Devices

Display devices visually convey text, graphics, and video information.
Examples of display devices include:
- Monitors: packaged as a separate peripheral.
- Flat-panel displays: lightweight, shallow, and flat, typically using LCD or gas plasma technology.
- CRT monitors: contain a Cathode-Ray Tube.
- Televisions: require a converter if connecting a computer to an analog television.

Printers

Printers produce text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper.
Examples of printers include:
- Nonimpact printers: form characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually striking the paper.
  - Ink-jet printers
  - Laser printers
  - Photo printers
  - Mobile printers
  - Thermal printers
  - Label and postage printers
  - Plotters
  - Large-format printers
- Impact printers: form characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon.
  - Dot-matrix printers
  - Line printers

Audio Output Devices

Audio output devices produce music, speech, or other sounds.
Examples of audio output devices include:
- Speakers
- Earbuds
- Headphones

Voice Output Devices

Voice output devices produce a person's voice or computer-generated voice.
Examples of voice output devices include:
- Speakers

Other Output Devices

Data projectors: project images on a larger screen.
Interactive whiteboards: display the image on a connected computer screen.
Force-feedback devices: send resistance to the device in response to actions of the user.
Tactile output devices: provide a physical response (vibration) when providing input.

Input-Output Devices

Input-output devices can receive data from users or another device (input) and send data to another device (output).
Examples of input-output devices include:
- Touch screens
- Headsets
- Drones
- Robots### Robotics Outputs
Robotics outputs can vary in complexity, ranging from exploring damaged nuclear reactors to taking photos.

Input-Output Devices

Examples of input-output devices include:
- Virtual Reality Headgear and Gloves: used to create an artificial or simulated reality in 3D, providing a virtual experience.
- Multifunctional 3 in 1 Printer (Print-Scan-Copy): combines the capabilities of a scanner, printer, and copy machine, offering cost and space advantages.

Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of input and output in ICT, including topics related to computer systems and information technology. Test your knowledge of I/O concepts and devices. Take this quiz to assess your understanding of ICT fundamentals.