Digital Information Processed into Useful Form: ICT Fundamentals I/O Quiz and Flashcards

Input is any data and instructions entered into a computer's memory.
Examples of input include programs, commands, and user responses.
A program is a series of related instructions that tells a computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them.
Input devices allow users to enter data and instructions into a computer.
Examples of input devices include:
- Keyboards: contain keys users press to enter alphanumeric data and instructions.
- Pointing devices: allow users to control a pointer on the screen.
- Game controllers: direct movements and actions of on-screen objects.
- Digital cameras: allow users to take pictures and store them digitally.
- Voice input: uses voice recognition to enter input.
- Video input: captures full-motion images and stores them on a computer's storage medium.
- Scanners and reading devices: read data from paper documents and convert it into digital format.

Optical scanners: read data from paper documents and convert it into digital format.
Examples of optical scanners include:
- Flatbed scanners
- Sheet-fed scanners
- Drum scanners
Optical mark recognition (OMR) readers: read hand-drawn marks such as small circles or rectangles.
Bar code readers: use laser beams to read bar codes.
RFID readers: use radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object.
Magnetic strip card readers: read data stored inside the magnetic stripe on the back of the cards.
Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) readers: read text printed with magnetized ink.

Biometric authentication devices: authenticate a person's identity by verifying a personal characteristic.
Examples of biometric input devices include:
- Face recognition
- Hand geometry
- Voice verification
- Signature verification
- Fingerprint recognition
- Iris recognition
- Retinal scanners

Output is data that has been processed into a useful form (text, graphics, video, and audio).
Output devices convey information to one or more people.
Examples of output devices include:
- Display devices: visually convey text, graphics, and video information.
- Printers: produce text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper.
- Audio output devices: produce music, speech, or other sounds.
- Voice output devices: produce a person's voice or computer-generated voice.

Display devices visually convey text, graphics, and video information.
Examples of display devices include:
- Monitors: packaged as a separate peripheral.
- Flat-panel displays: lightweight, shallow, and flat, typically using LCD or gas plasma technology.
- CRT monitors: contain a Cathode-Ray Tube.
- Televisions: require a converter if connecting a computer to an analog television.

Data projectors: project images on a larger screen.
Interactive whiteboards: display the image on a connected computer screen.
Force-feedback devices: send resistance to the device in response to actions of the user.
Tactile output devices: provide a physical response (vibration) when providing input.

Input-output devices can receive data from users or another device (input) and send data to another device (output).
Examples of input-output devices include:
- Touch screens
- Headsets
- Drones
- Robots### Robotics Outputs
Robotics outputs can vary in complexity, ranging from exploring damaged nuclear reactors to taking photos.

Examples of input-output devices include:
- Virtual Reality Headgear and Gloves: used to create an artificial or simulated reality in 3D, providing a virtual experience.
- Multifunctional 3 in 1 Printer (Print-Scan-Copy): combines the capabilities of a scanner, printer, and copy machine, offering cost and space advantages.